最新刊期
卷 42 ， 期 4 ， 2019
- 摘要：The statement "heart commanding the exterior" was first found in the Huangdi Neijing（Yellow Emperor’s Internal Classic）. According to this theory, heart qi spreads to the exterior, and heart regulates the functions and activities of skin, hair, muscle, and interstitial tissues, determining external activities including seeing, hearing, speaking and moving. The rationale of this theory involves several aspects. First, heart is characterized by fire with the nature of yang, with a trend towards the exterior. Heart also regulates the blood vessels, nourishing all of the internal viscera and the external skin. Moreover, heart governs the mind and controls the function of the whole body as the key organ like a monarch. Thus, heart and exterior can affect and correlate with each other in physiological and pathological manners. This kind of connection provides new approach and concept for the treatment of many related diseases, such as applying the method of "purging fire of heart", "adjusting the mind and spirit" or "promoting blood circulation" for treating skin diseases, or administrating pungent-warm diaphoretic agents to dissipate cold and activatey yang for heart-related diseases. Additionally, according to Huangdi Neijing or its annotation, the function of exterior is also related with lung and greater yang（Taiyang）. Supported by different foundations and contexts, these three exterior theories address specific corresponding items with different perspectives and should be applied with caution.关键词：Huangdi Neijing（Yellow Emperor’s Internal Classic）;heart;exterior;heart being the monarch organ
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发布时间：2021-05-20 - 摘要：This article went through all the ancient Chinese calendar related texts on circuit qi（yunqi） theory from huangdi Neijing（Huangdi’s Internal Classic） and summarized 9 key subjects: sifen li（quarter-remainder calendar）, li yuan（epoch） ganzhi jinian（years designated by heavenly stems and earthly branches）, qishuo（solar terms and new moon）, zhirun（intercalation）, sanbai liushi ri fa（method of three hundred and sixty days）, wuxing（five planets）, xiashi（Xia Dynasty calendar）, and louke（clepsydra）. These subjects were then reviewed chronologically one by one, and significant events in history were defined as key time markers, by using which those ancient Chinese calendar content in circuit qi theory were measured. The formation time of circuit qi theory was thus inferred. The conclusion is that the formation time was no later than Tang Dynasty,and not earlier than the pre-Qin Period, Qin Dynasty, or Early Western Han Dynasty, but more likely in middle and late Western Han Dynasty, or after Eastern Han Dynasty, even after North and South Dynasties.关键词：circuit qi theory;ancient Chinese calendar;formation time
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发布时间：2021-05-20 - 摘要：This paper takes the image metaphor as the fulcrum, and from the perspective of semiotic cognitive interpretation of meaning, it examines the relationship between the property of "Wood" in the wuxing（five element） Theory and the family iconicity of the category of "liver visceral manifestation". The metaphorical mechanism of "wood" and "liver visceral manifestation" category is demonstrated. It is concluded that the involvement of cognitive semiotics makes the occurrence and development of TCM theory have the inherent motive force and sustained vitality. Some problems in the study of metaphor theory in traditional Chinese medicine have been put forward and answered. Originated from the wuxing Theory, cognitive meaning interpretation of TCM liver visceral manifestation category theory has the function of metacognitive interpretation, and is the cognitive starting point of understanding TCM theories.关键词：liver visceral manifestation;five-phase theory;cognitive interpretation;cognitive semiotics
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发布时间：2021-05-20 - 摘要：In the four bamboo and silk medical manuscripts,Wushi Er Bing Fang（Prescriptions of Fifty-two Diseases） from Mawangdui Cemetery, Liushi Bing Fang（Prescriptions of Sixty Diseases） in Lao Guan Shan Cemetery, Medical bamboo manuscripts of the Western Han Dynasty in Peking University,and Medical bamboo manuscripts of LiYe bamboo manuscript in Qin Dynasty,there are some similar and closely related contents. Based on the time of formation, the unearthed areas are close and the contents are interrelated. The similar bamboo and silk medical manuscripts reflects the origin and inheritance of medical literatures and prescriptions in Qin and Han Dynasties.关键词：bamboo and silk medical manuscripts;medical prescription;historical distribution;comparative study
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发布时间：2021-05-20 - 摘要：Objective To observe the influence of Tiaoqi Huoxue Yangyin Fang（Qi-regulating, blood-activating and yin-nourishing formula, THYF） on oxyntic cell ultrastructure in rats with chronic atrophic gastritis（CAG） and explore its mechanism of delaying or blocking the transformation to gastric cancer from a microscopic perspective. Methods 26 male rats were randomly divided into normal group（n =10） and model group（n =16）. The model group was made by using tetra-treatment method, namely N-methyl-N-Nitro-nitrosoguanidine（MNNG）, ranitidine, sodium salicylate, and starvation. At the 26thweek of modeling,7 rats were sacrificed in each group to perform pathological staining of stomach tissue and confirm CAG model. The remaining 9 rats in the model group were randomly divided into three groups: the model group, Weifuchun（WFC） group and THYF group, and the WFC group was orally given Weifuchun decoction at the dose of 0.432 g/（kg·d）, and the THYF group was given THYF decoction orally at the dose of 1.838 g/（kg·d） for 12 weeks. The normal group and model group were given the same volume of sterilized water（under high temperature and pressure）. At the 26th and 39th week, electron microscopic specimens of gastric tissue were made to observe the ultrastructure of gastric oxyntic cells under the transmission electron microscope（TEM）. Results At the 26th week of modeling,the oxyntic cells in the normal group and model group were separated in resting and secretion state. There was no significant difference in the number and structure of mitochondria between the two groups. At the 39th week,the proportion of mitochondrial structural abnormalities in the normal group was lower than that in model group（P<0.01）. The parietal cells in the model group were in a static state of secretion,while the number of mitochondria was the least and the structure was the most damaged. After treatment by THYF, most parietal cells were in secretion state; the number of mitochondria increased（P<0.01）, and the number of mitochondrial abnormalities decreased（P<0.01）, compared with the model group. Conclusion THYF could improve the ultrastructure of oxyntic cells,thus promoting the energy metabolism of mitochondria and regulating the secretory state,ehancing the acid-secreting function, and eventually delaying or blocking the progress of CAG.关键词：Tiaoqi Huoxue Yangyin Fang（Qi-regulating,blood-activating and yin-nourishing formula）;chronic atrophic gastritis;parietal cells;mitochondria;ultrastructure;rats
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发布时间：2021-05-20 - 摘要：Objective To observe the interventional effect of Huoxue Jiedu Fang（Blood-activating Toxin-removing Formula） on skin lesions in psoriasiform mouse model induced by imiquimod, and clarify the importance of detoxification Chinese medicinals in treatment of psoriasis. Methods Male BALB/c mice（n =55） were randomly divided into normal control group, model group, Huoxue Jiedu Fang group（HJF group）, Huoxue Fang（Blood-activating Formula） group（HF group） and methotrexate group（MTX group, each n =11）. The psoriasiform mouse model was induced by external coating imiquimod. MTX group was orally given MTX（1 mg/kg）, HJF group, HJF（35.1 g/kg）, HF group, HF（26.9 g/kg）, while normal control group and model group, equivalent pure water. All mice were executed on the 7th d for collecting skin tissue samples. The scores of psoriasis area and severity index（PASI） were observed. The histomorphological changes and epidermal layer thickness of skin lesion tissue were observed by using light microscope after HE staining. The expressions of proliferating cell nuclear antigen（PCNA）, marker on T-cell（CD3） and positive microvessel marker（CD31）, and microvessel density（MVD） were detected by using immunohistochemistry technique. The mRNA expressions of interleukin-17（IL-17） and interleukin-23（IL-23） were detected by using real-time PCR. Results The results of HE staining showed that epidermal proliferation, para-keratosis cells and epidermal thickness decreased in HJF group compared with model group（P<0.001）. The positive expressions of PCNA and CD3 were significantly lower in HJF group than those in model group（P<0.001）. MVD was significantly lower in HJF group than that in model group（P<0.05）. The mRNA expressions of inflammatory factors（IL-17, IL-23） were significantly lower in HJF group than those in HF group（P<0.05）. Conclusion Huoxue Jiedu Fang can inhibit blood vessel proliferation, regulate IL-23/IL-17 axis, reduce expressions of Th17-related factors and relive proliferation of epidermal keratinocytes and infiltration of dermis immunocytes, and thereby relieve the psoriasiform lesions induced by imiquimod in mice.关键词：psoriasis;Huoxue Jiedu Fang（Blood-activating Toxin-removing Formula）;vascular proliferation;inflammatory factors;mice
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发布时间：2021-05-20 - 摘要：Objective To investigate the effects of different species of Haizao（haihaozi, Sargassum Pallidum or yangqicai, Sargassum Fusiforme） in Haizao Yuhu（HZYH） Decoction with or without gancao（Radix Glycyrrliizae） on the expressions of Bax, Bcl-2 mRNA in goiter rats. Methods Rats（n =144） were randomly divided into 9 groups: blank group, model group, positive drug euthyrox（20 μg/kg euthyrox） group, HZYH Decoction with yangqicai without gancao group（12.6 g/kg）, HZYH Decoction with haihaozi without gancao group（12.6 g/kg）, HZYH Decoction without haizao group（13.5 g/kg）, HZYH Decoction group with haihaozi（18.0 g/kg）, HZYH Decoction group with yangqicai（18.0 g/kg）, and HZYH Decoction without Haizao and Gancao group（8.1 g/kg）. During the modeling period, except for the blank group, the other groups of rats were given propyl thiouracil 10 mg/kg once a day for 14 days. The investigational treatment was administered after modeling for 28 days. Among them, the blank group and the model group were given the same amount of distilled water for gavage. The rat model of goiter was induced with propyltluouracil（PTU）. Except for the blank group, the others were correspondingly given interventional medicine respectively. Thyroid index of rats and pathological morphology in thyroid tissue were evaluated. The gene expressions of Bax and Bcl-2 were respectively detected. Results The levels of thyroid index in model group and eutbyrox group were significantly increased compared with blank group（P<0.01）. Compared with model group, thyroid index decreased in all other groups（P<0.01）. Pathological observation of thyroid tissue showed that model group and euthyrox changed significantly compared with blank group. The lobulations of thyroid gland was disordered; the follicle size was different; the thyroid follicular epithelium cells presented with diffuse hyperplasia and hypertrophy. These changes were rectified to different degrees in other groups. The histopathological morphology of HZYH Decoction with haihaozi or yangqicai group was the closest to blank group. The expression of Bax mRNA in model group was decreased compared with blank group（P<0.05）. Its expressions were increased in HZYH Decoction with or without haizao and gancao groups compared with model group（P<0.05, P<0.01）. There was no difference in the expression of Bcl-2 mRNA between groups. Bax/Bcl-2 in model groups was decreased compared with blank group（P<0.05）. Bax/Bcl-2 were increased in HZYH Decoction with or without haizao and gancao groups compared with model group（P<0.05, P<0.01）. Conclusion Different varieties of haizao in Haizao Yuhu Decoction containing high-dose antagonistic medicinal combination with modification have corrective effect on thyroid index and pathological morphology in thyroid tissue in goiter models. Its mechanism may be related with upregulation of Bax/Bcl-2, which promotes apoptosis of thyroid cells.
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发布时间：2021-05-20 - 摘要：Objective To study the inhibitory effect of blueberry anthocyanin on KB cells in human oral cancer and explore its mechanism from the perspective of apoptosis. Methods BALB/c Nude mice（n =20）with immuno deficiency were randomly divided into model, cisplatin group, and low-dose, mid-dose, and high-dose blueberry anthocyanin group（each n =4） after models of heterotopic xenograft of human oral cancer KB cells in nude mice were established. The blueberry anthocyanin group were given intraperitoneal injection blueberry anthocyanin at the doses of 25 mg/kg, 50 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg respectively; the model group were given saline in dose of 10 mg/kg; the cisplatin group were given cisplatin（4 mg/kg）, once every three days for 21 days. All rats were executed three days after the last dose. After intraperitoneal injection of blueberry anthocyanin, the long/short diameters of the tumors were measured, and the tumor volume and tumor inhibition rate were calculated. The TUNEL method was used to observe the apoptosis of transplanted tumors in all groups after anthocyanin treatment. The expression of Bcl-2, Bax, C-caspase3 and C-caspase9 proteins was measured by using Western Blot Assay. Results Compared with the model group, the volume of heterotopic transplanted tumors in the blueberry anthocyanin group was significantly reduced, and the difference was statistically significant（P<0.05）. The inhibition rates of low, medium and high dose blueberry anthocyanin were 47.2%, 46.2% and 50.9%, respectively. Compared with the model group, the apoptotic rate of heterotopic xenograft tumor cells treated with anthocyanin in blueberry had statistical significance（P<0.01）. Blueberry anthocyanin could upregulate the expression of apoptosis-related proteins C-caspase3, C-caspase9 and Bax in a dose-dependent manner（P<0.05）, and down-regulated the expression of Bcl-2 protein in a dose-dependent manner（P<0.05）. Conclusion Blueberry anthocyanin has good anti-tumor effect, which may inhibit the proliferation of tumor cells in vivo by regulating endogenous apoptosis.关键词：Blueberry anthocyanin;oral cancer;apoptosis;KB Cells;immunocompromised mice
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发布时间：2021-05-20 - 摘要：Objective To investigate the dynamic changes of NLRP3-related inflammatory molecules in mice infected with Mycoplasma pneumoniae（MP） treated with Qingzao Jiufei（Dryness-rectifying Lung-saving, QZJF） Decoction, and to explore target of QZJF Decoction on the prevention and treatment of Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia（MPP）. Methods Seventy-two Balb/c mice were randomly divided into normal group（0.3 mL distilled water, gastric perfusion）, model group（0.3 mL distilled water, gastric perfusion）, QZJF Decoction（15 g/kg, once daily for 14 consecutive days） group, and azithromycin（90 mg/kg, once daily for 3 consecutive days, at 4-day interval of distilled water intragastric administration） group（n =18）. All mice were infected with MP with nasal inoculation method except the ones in normal group. After establishing the model, 15 g/kg of QZJF decoction were given intragastrically once a day for 14 consecutive days. Samples were taken on the 3 rd, 7 th and 10 th day after infection. Ultrastructural changes of lung tissue were observed by transmission electron microscopy. The expressions of NLRP3 and caspase-1 protein in lung tissue were detected by SP immunohistochemistry and Western blot, and the levels of IL-1β in the serum were measured by ELISA. Results After MP infection, the lung tissue of the mice showed inflammatory changes, such as the alveolar wall thickening, alveolar epithelial cell destruction, and cell infiltration. After MP infection, the expression of NLRP3 and caspase-1 in lung tissue of mice increased significantly, and IL-1β in serum increased significantly, too. Compared with the model group, the expressions of NLRP3, caspase-1 and IL-1β were down-regulated in each drug group. Conclusion QZJF decoction can effectively down-regulate the expression of caspase-1, NLRP3 and IL-β, which may be the therapeutic target for the treatment of MPP.关键词：mycoplasma pneumoniae;Qingzao Jiufei Decoction;NLRP3;mice
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发布时间：2021-05-20 - 摘要：Objective To observe the difference changes of functional connectivity network of time-varying effect with left and right paracentral gyri as regions of interest. Methods Eighteen healthy participants were recruited in this trial. The scanning involved pure resting state（R1）, acupuncture states（R2-R5） and withdrawing needle states（R6-R7）. All scanning images were analyzed with functional connectivity method with left paracentral gyrus（LPCG） and right paracentral gyrus（RPCG） as regions of interest. Results ①Different altered regions of functional connectivity with LPCG as regions of interest followed by time-varying showed: bilateral posterior cerbellar lobe and left superior temporal gyrus under R2 subtract R1, left postcentral gyrus, bilateral inferior frontal gyrus and right praecuneus under R3 subtract R1, right posterior cerbellar lobe, left inferior parietal lobule and left inferior frontal gyrus under R4 subtract R1, left inferior frontal gyrus under R5 subtract R1, left posterior cerbellar lobe, right medial frontal gyrus and right medial frontal gyrus under R6 subtract R1, right posterior cerebellar lobe and left frontal gyrus under R7 subtract R1. ②Different altered regions of functional connectivity with RPCG as regions of interest followed by time-varying showed: left posterior cerbellar lobe, bilateral superior parietal lobule and bilateral precentral gyrus under R2 subtract R1, right fusiform gyms and right precentral gyrus under R3 subtract R1, left precentral gyrus under R4 subtract R1, right anterior cingulate cortex under R5 subtract R1, left medial temporal gurus under R6 subtract R1, left precentral gyrus under R7 subtract R1. Conclusion Regions mentioned above were related to the sensation and motor functions of lower extremities and two bowel excretion. We speculated difference changes of functional connectivity network of time-varying effect with LPCY and RPCY as regions of interest is the central mechanism of acupuncture at TE6 for the treatment of disorder of sensation and motor functions of lower extremities and excretions.关键词：TE6;acupuncture;paracentral gyri;functional connectivity;time-varying effect
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发布时间：2021-05-20 - 摘要：Objective To study the effects of acupuncture at ST36（Zusanli） on the protein expression of transient vanillin receptor potential channel 4（TRPV4） in the spinal cord and dorsal root ganglia of inflammatory rat. Methods A total of 54 male SD rats of clean grade were acclimated for 7 days, and the basic pain thresholds were screened. Then, these rats were randomly divided into model（n =36） and control（n =18） groups based on the pain threshold results. 0.1 mL of complete Freund’s adjuvant was injected internally, and 0.1 mL of physiological saline was injected into the blank control group. Rats with successful modeling were further divided into model group（n =18） and model+acupuncture group（n =18）. Each group was needled at ZT8（15:00） or ZT16（23:00） as two different treatment time subgroup（n =9）. At two time points, the needle group was needled at the corresponding time point for 30 minutes of the affected side, and the frequency was 120 times/min every 5 minutes. The model group and the control group were fixed for 30 minutes without any further treatment. After the end of the treatment on the 7 th day, the pain threshold of the rats at the corresponding time points was detected. The spinal cord and dorsal root ganglia of the lumbar vertebrae 4-6 were extracted, and the rat dorsal root ganglion was detected by immunohistochemistry. Section and expression of TRPV4 in the spinal cord. Results ①At the time of ZT8: compared with the blank group, the expression level of TRPV4 in the dorsal root ganglion increased significantly in the model group（P<0.01）; the expression level of TRPV4 protein in spinal cord tissue was significantly up-regulated（P<0.05）. Compared with the model group, the TRPV4 expression level in the dorsal root ganglion of the model group was significantly decreased（P<0.01）. There was no significant difference in the TRPV4 protein expression level in the spinal cord tissue（P>0.05）. ② At the time of ZT16: compared with the blank group, the expression level of TRPV4 in the dorsal root ganglion of the model group was significantly increased（P<0.05）; the expression level of TRPV4 protein in the spinal cord was significantly up-regulated（P<0.01）. Compared with the model group, there was no significant difference in the expression level of TRPV4 in the dorsal root ganglion of the model group（P>0.05）; the expression level of TRPV4 protein in the spinal cord tissue decreased（P<0.05）. Conclusion Inflammatory pain can induce the up-regulation of TRPV4 protein expression in the spinal cord and dorsal root ganglion of rats. Acupuncture at Zusanli can regulate the protein expression level of TRPV4 in the spinal cord and dorsal root ganglion of rats with inflammatory pain.关键词：acupuncture;temporal characteristics;inflammatory pain;vanillic acid TRPV4;rats
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发布时间：2021-05-20 - 摘要：Objective To observe the effects of moxibustion at GV16（Fengfu）, CV4（Guanyuan） ST36（Zusanli） on the expression of E3 ubiquitinase Parkin and unique mitochondrial deubiquitinase USP30 in substantia nigra of Parkinson’s disease（PD） model rats, and to explore the mechanism of moxibustion atGV16, CV4 and ST36 in preventing and treating PD. Methods Forty healthy male SD rats of SPF grade were randomly divided into normal group（n =8）, sham operation group（n =8）, and model group（n =24）. The rat PD model was made with subcutaneous injection of rotenone（1 mg/kg, dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide and 0.9% NaCl solution）. The sham operation group was made by subcutaneous injection of DMSO and 0.9% NaCl solution without rotenone. Forty days after the establishment of the model, 14 rats with a high score of 2-8 were selected. Then two rats were randomly selected from each group. The expression of tyrosine hydroxylase（TH） and alpha-synuclein（α-syn） in substantia nigra of rats was measured with immunohistochemical method to identify the success of the establishment of the model. After model identification, the model group（n =12） was randomly divided into model group and moxibustion treatment group, 6 in each group. In the moxibustion treatment group, acupoints GV16（Fengfu）, CV4（Guanyuan） and ST36（Zusanli） were selected, and moxibustion was applied at the same time once a day, 15 minutes for each acupoint, for 14 consecutive days（7 days is a course of treatment, a total of two courses of treatment）. Normal group, sham operation group and model group received no treatment intervention except wearing fixed rat clothes as in with moxibustion group. After moxibustion treatment, the rats in each group were graded for their behavior, and the relative expressions of Parkin and USP30 in substantia nigra of rats were detected by using Western blotting assay. Results Immunohistochemical assay showed that TH staining was significantly lost and unevenly distributed in model group and moxibustion treatment group compared with the normal group and the sham operation group, while the（α-syn） staining was rich and dense in the model group and moxibustion treatment group compared with the normal group and the sham operation group. At the end of moxibustion treatment, the behavioral score of moxibustion treatment group was lower than that of model group（P<0.01）; The relative expression of Parkin in substantia nigra of rats in model group decreased（P<0.05） and USP30 increased（P<0.05） compared with normal group and sham operation group; while the relative expression of Parkin in substantia nigra of rats in moxibustion treatment group increased（P<0.05） and USP30 decreased（P<0.05） compared with those in model group. Conclusion Parkin-mediated mitochondrial autophagy in substantia nigra of Parkinson’s disease model rats was elevated by moxibustion treatment, thus degrading and clearing over-expressed USP30, which may be one of the mechanisms of moxibustion in the treatment of Parkinson’s disease.关键词：Parkinson’s disease;moxibustion;tyrosine hydroxylase;alpha-synuclein;Parkin;USP30;rats
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发布时间：2021-05-20 - 摘要：Objective To investigate the correlation between KDR gene polymorphism and phlegm-stasis syndrome in ischemic stroke（IS）, coronary heart disease（CAD） and coagulation function. Methods A total of 550 cases of ischemic stroke with phlegm and blood stasis syndrome, 550 cases of coronary heart disease with phlegm and blood stasis syndrome, and 550 subjects of normal control were included. Genotyping was performed using MassARRAy SNP genotyping assay technology, and the mRNA expression level of KDR gene in peripheral blood was detected with real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR（RT-PCR） method, and the coagulation function index in plasma was detected with coagulation method. PLINK software was used for genetic association analysis, and χ2 test was used for ha-temperature equilibrium（HWE） analysis. Genotype frequency distribution was compared between groups by χ2 test. Multivariate unconditioned Logistic regression model was used to analyze the correlation between genetic models（additive model, dominant model and recessive model） and disease, and linear regression was used to analyze the correlation between polymorphism at each point and the level of coagulation markers. Results The expression level of KDR gene mRNA in IS patients with phlegm and blood stasis syndrome was significantly lower than that in the control group（P<0.001）, while the expression level of KDR gene mRNA in CAD patients with phlegm and blood stasis syndrome was significantly higher than that in the control group（P =0.007）. KDR gene rs2305948, rs2239702 polymorphism and IS phlegm and blood stasis syndrome, CAD phlegm and blood stasis syndrome risk was not statistically significant（P>0.05）. KDR gene rs2305948 polymorphism was significantly correlated with D-dimer（D-D） and prothrombin time activity（PTA） in IS patients with phlegm and blood stasis syndrome（P<0.05）. KDR gene rs2239702 polymorphism was significantly correlated with activated partial prothrombin time（APTT） in IS patients with phlegm and blood stasis syndrome（P<0.05）. KDR gene rs2305948 polymorphism was significantly correlated with APTT level in CAD patients with phlegm and blood stasis syndrome（P<0.05）, and rs2239702 polymorphism was significantly correlated with thrombin time（TT） level in CAD patients with phlegm and blood stasis syndrome（P<0.05）. Conclusion The expression of KDR gene may be involved in the occurrence of IS phlegm-stasis syndrome and CAD phlegm-stasis syndrome, and the genetic polymorphism of KDR gene rs2305948 and rs2239702 may affect the coagulation function of IS phlegm-stasis syndrome and CAD phlegm-stasis syndrome.关键词：ischemic stroke;coronary heart disease;KDR;single nucleotide polymorphism;phlegm and blood stasis syndrome
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