最新刊期
卷 44 ， 期 10 ， 2021
- 摘要：The Wuqi Jingtian Diagram was made by later physicians to visualize the transformation of five-color qi proposed in the Huangdi Neijing (Huangdi’s Internal Classic). The author found that the outer coordinates of the Wuqi Jingtian Diagram consisted of the coordinates of the stars and the coordinates of the stems and branches, and had the following characteristics: It is symmetric; the five-color qi is invincible in its position, and the five-color qi has the same degree of addition to the specific constellations. Therefore, the transformation of five-color qi is not obtained from actual observations. Instead, it may be based on the knowledge of heavenly stems, earthly branches, eight trigrams, five elements, and astronomical knowledge in combination with years of experience in phenology and climate through inferential and reasoning thinking.关键词：Wuqi Jingtian Diagram;transformation between heavenly stems and five circuits;twenty-eight stars, eight trigrams;five-circuit and six-qi theory
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发布时间：2021-11-01 - 摘要：As the calendar of five circuits and six atmospheric influences is based on the quartile calendar, they share the same understanding of the length of the year and month and the function of divination.However, the purpose of the calendar based on five circuit phases and six atmospheric influences is not to mark the time in a year, but to predict the development of the atmospheric influences and to guide the treatment and prevention of diseases.Therefore, instead of emphasizing epoch and intercalation, this calendar stresses the phenomenon of functional activity of qi and periodic rhythm. Through the unique annual and seasonal cycle of the five circuit phases and six atmospheric influences, it balances the phases of the sun and the moon, infers the climatic change in a certain period of time and guides the clinical practice by making corresponding preparations.This paper explores the main, essential and objective factors in the formation of the theory of five circuit phases and six atmospheric influences by analyzing the features and structure of the calendar of five circuits and six atmospheric influences, providing reference forthe study of classical theory.关键词：five circuits and six atmospheric influences;calendar;heavenly sterns and earthly branches;traditional culture;basic theory of traditional Chinese medicine
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发布时间：2021-11-01 - 摘要：The symptom of traditional Chinese medicine "frequent sighing (shan tai xi)" means that patients feel tightness in their chest, which can be relieved temporarily by sighing. Frequent sighing as the main complaint can be divided into sighing due to stagnation and sighing due to deficiency. The commonly-seen clinical patterns can be summarized as five patterns of "frequent sighing" , namely, liver depression and qi stagnation, gallbladder deficiency qi stagnation, heart and lung qi deficiency, spleen qi deficiency and heart vessel obstruction. "Frequent sighing" is a qi disorder, including qi stagnation and qi deficiency. Deficient middle qi fails to promote blood circulation, which may also develop into chest bi-syndrome, especially in the middle-aged and elderly population. This has been reported in many clinical studies. The pattern of heart vessel obstruction can also be seen in children, also known as sighing in children. It is a common disorder and importance should be attached to its diagnosis and treatment. The etiology and pathogenesis of the five patterns of "frequent sighing" should be considered in deciding treatment accordingly.关键词：frequent sighing;pattern;differential diagnosis;five patterns
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发布时间：2021-11-01 - 摘要：The statement "middle deficiency causes seminal changes" is an analogy of the statement "urine and stool change due to middle deficiency" from Neijing. The "middle deficiency" is mainly the deficiency of spleen and stomach, and the "seminal changes" included the changes of sperm and seminal plasma. The statement is made to describe the relation between male semen diseases and spleen and stomach, and strategies of treating semen diseases from spleen. Firstly, the connection between the spleen and stomach meridian sinew and the reprodutive organs is the basis for the male semen to be under the effects of the spleen and stomach, including the spleen and stomach transforming blood, essence and blood mutual transformation, and sufficient blood with essence for fertility; Spleen and stomach transform qi, control the passage, storage and discharge of semen. The spleen and stomach regulate qi movement and ensure the smooth discharge of the semen without blockage. The spleen and stomach transport water, moisten the semen chamber, adjust the Yin and Yang of the semen chamber to ensure the proper production, storage and discharge. Secondly, the causes of spleen and stomach deficiency in the middle energizer are complicated, including irregular diet, emotional disorder, congenital deficiency, medication and surgical injury, stress, prolonged illness and dampness, etc., which can induce deficiency and cause semen diseases. Thirdly, deficiency, including abnormal sperm count and vitality, abnormal semen volume, color and quality, and abnormal semen excretion can cover all aspects of semen diseases. Finally, treatment principles are summarized including tonifying the deficient spleen and kidney, eliminating pathogens and protecting spleen, differentiation of severity and identification of key pathogenesis, and general tonification for indiscernible pattern with balanced prescription. Animal laboratory experiments and clinical studies are used to validate the statement and show that the theory of "middle deficiency causes seminal changes" can be applied as reference to clinical practice.关键词：andrology;semen;semen diseases;insufficiency of middle qi;spleen and stomach;semen changes due to middle deficiency;theoretical discussion
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发布时间：2021-11-01 - 摘要：Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a long-term and progressive autoimmune disease, which falls into the category of bi-syndrome in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), with symmetrical polyarthritis as the main clinical characteristic symptom. With a prolonged course, RA may result in prolonged pain and involvement of viscera, which resemble collateral disease as chronic diseases and pain would affect collaterals. Zhang Yuansu in the Jin Dynasty composed a prescription called Danggui Niantong decoction to treat "wind-damp-heat bi-syndrome" in Yixue Qiyuan (Origin of Medicine). The composition of this formula has been subjected to in-depth analysis in clinical practice, contributing to the theory of its composition compatibility. Based on the analysis of the physiology and pathogenesis of collateral disease, combined with the pathogenic characteristics of rheumatoid arthritis, the disease location of RA is in the collateral. According to the etiology, pathogenesis and clinical manifestations of RA, it is believed that the theory of collateral disease can be used as a theoretical guide and three methods of treatment are put forward at the early, intermediate and late stages of the disease, namely, dredging collateral by dispersing wind and expelling evil, regulating qi with eliminating phlegm and removing blood stasis, and tonifying deficiency respectively. In this paper, the composition of prescription of Danggui Niantong decoction at different stages of disease is discussed, which will enrich the theory of compatibility of Danggui Niantong decoction, expand the clinical guiding significance of Danggui Niantong decoction, and provide another perspective for clinical application.关键词：rheumatoid arthritis;Danggui Niantong Decoction;collateral disease theory;composition principle
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发布时间：2021-11-01
Theoretical Studies
- 摘要：Shengjiang San (Ascending & Descending Powder) is a famous prescription, and it has been highly respected by many doctors. This article reviews the changes in the composition, dosage form, usage, indications involved in the evolution of the prescription, and discusses its efficacy and composing rationale. It was found that the original Nei Fu Xian Fang from "Wan Bing Hui Chun (Restoring All Diseases)" was renamed as "Pei Zhen San" in "Er Fen Xi Yi (Binary Analysis)" , and finally "Shang Han Wen Yi Tiao Bian (Detailed Analysis of Cold-induced and Warm Diseases)" named it as Sheng Jiang San. The name underwent changes along with changes of combined herbs, dosage adjustment, forms of preparation, administration and indications, especially the early indications changing from pestilence to general febrile disease. The range of symptoms involved is very wide, but the core of the pathogenesis is "warm-heat constraints" . Sheng Jiang San has the effects of expelling heat and eliminating toxin, promoting stagnation, dispelling phlegm and removing blood stasis. Modern physicians usually change the decoction form from powder to decoction. It is widely used in the syndrome of "pathogenic heat stagnation" , including internal injuries and miscellaneous diseases. The rationale of the prescription for multiple syndromes remains to be explored.关键词：Sheng Jiang San;Nei Fu Xian Fang;Pei Zhen San;evolution;recipe;application
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发布时间：2021-11-01
Literature Studies
- 摘要：ObjectiveTo study the effects of Zhihu formula on mice with qi-yin deficiency pattern, explore its effects of nourishing qi and nourishing yin, and understand qi-yin deficiency pattern.MethodsMice were randomly divided into the blank group, model group, Shengmai granule group (5 g/kg), low-dose Zhihu formula group (1.33 g/kg), and high-dose Zhihu formula group (2.67 g/kg). Mice model was established by using restricted diet, exhausted swimming under gravity, and gavage with levothyroxine sodium tablets for 14 consecutive days. The blank group and model group were given distilled water, and the other groups were given corresponding liquid medicine for 30 days. The general state of the mice was observed, and the last exhausted swimming time of the mice was measured. The serum cAMP, cGMP, T3, T4, IgM, IgG contents, the muscle tissue LA, MG, LDH, CK activity and Na+ -K+ -ATPase and Ca2+ -Mg2+ -ATPase activity in the liver tissue were measured.ResultsCompared with the model group, the mentality of the mice in Zhihu formula groups was all significantly improved, and the weight of the mice increased significantly on the 20th and 30th days of the experiment (P<0.01). In the low-dose Zhihu formula group and the high-dose Zhihu formula group, the exhaustive swimming time of mice was significantly prolonged (P<0.01), the thymus index increased (P<0.01), and the serum cAMP content and cAMP/cGMP value were significantly reduced (P<0.01), the activity of Na+ -K+ -ATPase and Ca2+ -Mg2+ -ATPase in liver tissue was enhanced (P<0.01), muscle tissue LA contents was reduced (P<0.01), but LDH and CK activity was enhanced (P<0.01). In the low-dose Zhihu formula group, serum T3 contents decreased (P<0.05), and IgM and IgG levels increased (P<0.05).ConclusionThere are differences in the responsiveness of qi-yin deficiency pattern to different systems. Zhihu formula can improve the general state of mice with qi-yin deficiency pattern, and regulate the level of cyclic nucleotides, immunity, and metabolism in mice to play effects of nourishing qi and nourishing yin.关键词：Zhihu formula;pattern of qi-yin deficiency;nourishing qi and nourishing yin;nucleotide;immunity;metabolism;mice
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发布时间：2021-11-01 - 摘要：ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of Shengyang Sanhuo (Yang-lifting Fire-dissipating) Decoction and its disassembled formula on behavior and intestinal flora of mice with chronic fatigue.MethodsNormal mice were randomly divided into blank group, model group, Shengyang Sanhuo Decoction group, Buxu (Tonifying) Formula group and Shengyang Sanyu (Yang-lifting Depression-relieving) Formula group. The chronic fatigue model was established by applying compound stress factors, and mouse behavior was evaluated on the 15th day, 30th day, 45th day including exhaustive swimming, tail suspension test and weight changes. Medication was given on the 15th day. The normal group and model group were given the same amount of distilled water while the dosage of Shengyang Sanhuo Decoction was at 2.73 g / (kg·D), Shengyang Sanyu Formula at 1.57 g/(kg·D), and Buxu Formula at 1.16 g/(kg·D). Intragastric gavage was continued for 30 days. Fecal samples were collected at the end of modeling to analyze the diversity and structural changes of intestinal flora.ResultsBehavioral evaluation showed that the mice growth in the model group was slower with reduced exhausted swimming time and increased rest compared to the blank group (P<0.05); Compared with the model group, At day 30, there was no statistical difference in body mass; exhaustive swimming time was increased (P<0.05), and tail suspension test time was shortened in Shengyang Sanhuo Decoction and Shengyang Sanyu formula group (P<0.05); At day 45, there was no differente in body masses of mice in all gnups, the tail suspension test time was significantly shortened, and the swimming time was increased (P<0.05). in the Shengyang Sanhuo decoction and Shengyang Sanyu formula group. The results of intestinal microflora sequencing showed that Shengyang Sanhuo Decoction and its disassembled prescriptions could increase the richness and diversity of microflora in fecal samples. At the same time, Shengyang Sanhuo Decoction and Shengyang Sanyu formula could increase the relative content of probiotics such as Lactobacillus, jeotgalicoccus, Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group (P<0.05) and reduce the abundance of Prevotella.ConclusionShengyang Sanhuo Decoction and its components can improve the behavior of model animals by regulating the relative abundance of intestinal flora associated with chronic fatigue syndrome.关键词：chronic fatigue syndrome;intestinal flora;16S rRNA sequencing;Shengyang Sanhuo Decoction;Li Dongyuan;mice
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发布时间：2021-11-01 - 摘要：ObjectiveTo investigate the mechanism of Jianpi Yiqi Recipe (JYR) in treating liver cancer, we explore the active components of the recipe, and their targets. Furthermore, the effect of JYR on the IL-6/STAT3 signaling pathway in diethylinitrosamine (DEN)-induced rat hepatocellular carcinoma was studied.MethodsThe TCMSP database, CNKI database and Swiss Target Prediction platform were used to obtain the active components of JYR and their corresponding targets. HCC-related genes were acquired by Searching Gene Cards, CTD, and Gene databases. The potential cancer-related drug targets were obtained, and the active component-target network diagram was mapped by using Cytoscape software. The protein-protein interaction (PPI) network of potential targets was constructed and analyzed by String database to obtain the core targets. The rats were intraperitoneally injected with DEN [70 mg/(kg·d)] to establish the HCC model. The rats were randomly divided into seven groups: control group, model group, low-, mid- and high- dose JYR group [5.25 g/(kg·d), 10.5 g/(kg·d), 21 g/(kg·d)] , STAT3 inhibition group [4.5 mg/(kg·d)] and gp130 inhibition group [4.5 mg/(kg·d)] . All groups were treated for 4 weeks. After HE staining, the pathological changes in liver tissue were observed under the microscope. The mRNA levels of IL-6, gp130, JAK1, JAK2 and STAT3 in liver cancer tissue were detected with RT-qPCR. The serum level of IL-6 was measured with ELISA. The protein levels of gp130, JAK1, p-JAK1, JAK2, p-JAK2, STAT3 and p-STAT3 were examined with Western blot.Results64 active components and 146 potential targets were identified, which were found to be involved in several key pathways such as IL-6/STAT3. Moreover, STAT3 may be the core target of JYR in the treatment of HCC. The results of animal experiments showed that the IL-6 and STAT3 mRNA expression levels, the levels of p-JAK1/JAK1, p-JAK2/JAK2 and p-STAT3/STAT3, and the serum IL-6 levels in the model group were significantly increased, compared with the control group (P<0.05 or P<0.01). After treated with mid-dose, high-dose JYR or inhibitors, serum IL-6 levels, liver IL-6, gp130 and STAT3 mRNA expression levels, gp130 and STAT3 protein expression levels, and the levels of p-JAK1/JAK1, p-JAK2/JAK2 and p-STAT3/STAT3 were significantly decreased in the model group were significantly reduced (P<0.05 or P<0.01).ConclusionJYR may play a role in treating hepatocellular carcinoma through multiple components, multiple targets and multiple pathways. Suppressing the IL-6/STAT3 inflammation signal pathway may be essential in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma.关键词：Jianpi Yiqi Recipe;hepatocellular carcinoma;network pharmacology;IL-6/STAT3 inflammatory signaling pathway;rats
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发布时间：2021-11-01
Chinese Medicinal Pharmacology
- 摘要：ObjectiveTo evaluate the performance of the five models in comparison and selecting the best model of the assisted diagnosis of the pattern elements of "qi deficiency" .MethodsThe symptoms related to "qi deficiency" pattern were selected from the previously constructed pattern elements-symptom data table, and the top 15 symptoms were selected based on feature screening. The training set and test set were divided at 7∶3 ratio, and resampled. Five machine learning models (CART decision tree, random forest, K-nearest neighbor, BP neural network and support vector machine) were constructed with the best parameters, and the area under the ROC curve, sensitivity and specificity were used as indexes for model evaluation.ResultsThe 15 key symptoms included fatigue, pale tongue, lethargy, weak pulse, short breath, spontaneous sweating, loss of appetite, thin pulse, no desire to speak, white coating, loose stools, thin coating, palpitations, dizziness, and deficient pulse. The best classification was achieved by building a model based on the random forest algorithm with an AUC value of 0.923.ConclusionAmong the five models, the random forest algorithm seems to be suitable for constructing a supplementary diagnostic model for the pattern elements "qi deficiency" .关键词：machine learning;pattern elements;qi deficiency;diagnostic model
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发布时间：2021-11-01
Science & Technology
- 摘要：The theory of "host-guest interaction" comes from Wenyi Lun (Treatise on Pestilence) written by Wu Youke and has been applied to the treatment of protracted diseases for a long time. "Inflammation-cancer transformation" of chronic gastritis is a pathological process of Helicobacter pylori infection, host, environment and other factors. And its occurrence and development are extremely similar to the pathogenesis characteristics of "host-guest interaction" the vital qi deficiency and pathogens invasion, pathogens adhere to the blood. The article discusses the pathogenesis of "Inflammation-cancer transformation" in chronic gastritis from the perspective of the theory of "host-guest interaction" . The deficiency of spleen and stomach causes the dampness, heat, phlegm, blood stasis and poison adhere to the blood of stomach collaterality, leading to the malignant transformation. This paper puts forward the basic treatment principle of "reinforcing the vital qi and eliminating the pathogenic factors, separating the host and guest" , and it emphasizes the importance of host-guest interaction. It suggests that treatment priority should be given to spleen and stomach, while reinforcing the vital qi and eliminating evil. Relative strengths and weaknesses of the host and guest should be identified to arrive at precise diagnosis and proper treatment by stages.关键词：host-guest interaction;chronic gastritis;inflammation-cancer transformation;reinforcing the vital qi and eliminating evil
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发布时间：2021-11-01 - 摘要：ObjectiveTo observe changes of infrared thermography in healthy children and explore the influencing factors.MethodsAccording to the concept of five internal organs and six hollow organs in traditional Chinese medicine, the human body was divided into 14 regions representing the corresponding viscera. Taking the posture of front, back, left and right sides, the infrared thermal imaging technology was used to collect, store and process the infrared calorific value of 14 regions of 763 children. The relative temperature difference was used to reflect the calorific value distribution of children’s viscera and triple-jiao so as to investigate the influence of gender and age on children’s triple-jiao, chest, apex, big and small abdomen, left and right hypochondria, left and right kidneys, epigastric region, and left and right lower abdomen by relative temperature difference.Results763 healthy children were included in this study, including 419 males and 344 females. The average age of males was (6.05±1.23) years old and the average age of female was (6.07±1.50) years old. The results showed that the calorific value of triple-jiao showed a stepwise upward trend, and the thermal structure was that the lower-jiao’s temperature was the highest, the middle-jiao was the second, and the upper-jiao’s temperature was the lowest. The calorific value of boys’ upper-jiao was lower than that of girls, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). There was no significant difference between boys and girls in middle-jiao and lower-jiao(P>0.05). The caloric values of right kidneys and left and right lower abdomen in boys were higher than those in girls, and the caloric values of chest, apex and epigastric region were lower than those in girls (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in other viscera regions (P>0.05). There was no significant correlation between age and the calorific value of upper-jiao (P>0.05). There was a positive correlation between the calorific value of lower-jiao, chest, left and right lower abdomen and age (P<0.05). There was a negative correlation between the calorific value of middle-jiao, apex, left lateral thorax, left and right kidneys and age (P<0.05). There was no significant correlation between the calorific value of other viscera and upper Jiao area and age (P>0.05).ConclusionGender difference has a certain influence on the heat value of the children’s three jiao and viscera, which may be related to the physiological structure and the regulation of sexual hormones. Age can affect the changes of the caloric value of the viscera and the triple energizer in children, which reflects the changes of yin and Yang in a certain extent.关键词：infrared thermography;healthy children;triple-Jiao;zang-fu organs;interfering factor
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发布时间：2021-11-01 -
Evolution of pattern elements in acute ischemic stroke and its correlation with objective indicators
摘要：ObjectiveTo explore the clinical evolution of different TCM patterns in acute ischemic stroke and its correlation with objective indicators.Methods453 patients with acute ischemic stroke meeting the criteria were selected to collect TCM pattern elements, basic information and common clinical objective indicators C-reactive protein (CRP), D-Dimer (D-D), Homocysteine (HCY) on day 1, 3, 5, 7 and 14. The collected data were analyzed by using SPSS 22.0 software.ResultsOn the first day of the group, the incidence of patterns in a descending order: internal wind > phlegm dampness > blood stasis > internal fire> qi deficiency > yin deficiency. Pattern element incidence on the third day: phlegm dampness > blood stasis > internal fire > qi deficiency > internal wind > yin deficiency. Pattern element incidence on day 5: blood stasis > phlegm dampness > internal fire> internal wind > qi deficiency> yin deficiency. Pattern element incidence on day 7 and 14: blood stasis > phlegm dampness > internal fire> qi deficiency > internal wind >yin deficiency. In the specific combination type, internal wind, internal fire, phlegm dampness, blood stasis four pattern elements single or two combination, three pattern combination more, qi deficiency, yin deficiency pattern and more than four pattern combination appear less. There was a significant positive correlation between phlegm dampness and CRP (P<0.01), HCY(P<0.05). There was a significant positive correlation between blood stasis and CRP (P<0.05), D-D (P<0.01); the difference of blood stasis groups under different gender groups (P<0.05) has statistical significance. There was a significant positive correlation between qi deficiency and age (P<0.05), obesity (P<0.05), NIHSS score (P<0.05), the difference of Qi deficiency group in different cerebrovascular disease groups has statistical significance (P<0.01).ConclusionThe frequency, evolution and combination of pattern elements in acute stage of ischemic stroke are regular, which take wind as the first, phlegm, blood stasis, fire as the main pathological factor, deficiency as the fundamental. The factors of phlegm and dampness pattern are mostly related to CRP and HCY; the blood stasis pattern are mostly related to sex, CRP, and D-D; the qi deficiency pattern are related to old age, obesity, past cerebrovascular history and NIHSS.关键词：acute ischemic stroke;pattern elements;evolution rules;objective indicators;correlation- 362
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发布时间：2021-11-01 - 摘要：ObjectiveTo describe the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) constitution types among patients with obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) and analyze the correlation between TCM constitution types and severity, boby mars index (BMI) and daytime symptoms of OSAHS.MethodsThis study was a cross-sectional study. A total of 106 patients meeting the diagnostic criteria of OSAHS were enrolled. Basic information (including gender, age, body mass index (BMI), comorbidities, etc.), the sleep apnea hypopnea index (AHI) of the polysomnography report results, TCM constitution type and ESS score were collected. Statistical analysis was performed on the distribution of TCM constitution types of patients, and the correlation analysis was performed on the distribution of TCM constitution types with OSAHS severity and with ESS scores.ResultsAmong the 106 patients, 88 were overweight and obese, and the BMI was positively correlated with the severity of the OSAHS (r=0.220, P=0.024). Distribution of TCM constitution types: the balanced constitution accounted for 20.8% with the remaining eight biased constitutions accounted for 79.3%. There were 18 cases of single biased constitution and 66 cases of compound biased constitution. The top four TCM constitutions in the 84 patients with biased constitutions are as follows: phlegm-dampness (42 cases), qi deficiency (42 cases), yin deficiency (32 cases), damp-heat (31 cases). The top four co-existing composite constitutions in the frequency ranking are: phlegm-dampness+ qi deficiency (28 times), phlegm-dampness+ damp-heat (20 times), phlegm-dampness+ yin deficiency (17 times), qi deficiency+ damp-heat (17 times) .Only the distribution of phlegm-dampness pattern in different OSAHS severity was statistically different(P=0.004)and was related to disease severity (r=0.282, P=0.003). There was a statistically significant difference in the distribution of BMI grades of phlegm-dampness and blood stasis constitution (P <0.05). The higher the BMI , the greater the number of phlegm-dampness. There was no significant difference in the ESS scores of each TCM constitution.ConclusionOverweight and obese are common in patients with OSAHS. The OSAHS patients present biased constitutional characteristics, the top four biased constitutions are phlegm-dampness, qi deficiency, yin deficiency and damp-heat. In the composite constitution, phlegm-dampness combined qi deficiency pattern is the most common. Severe OSAHS patients tend to have phlegm-dampness constitution, phlegm-dampness are related to the degree of overweight and the severity of OSAHS.关键词：obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS);traditional Chinese medicine constitution;obesity;phlegm-dampness;qi deficiency;daytime sleepiness;cross-sectional study
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发布时间：2021-11-01
Clinical Studies
Essay
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