最新刊期
卷 44 ， 期 8 ， 2021
- 摘要：Philosophy of traditional Chinese culture could be observed through the whole process of pattern differentiation and treatment in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM). First of all, Zhenggang Mingdao is the theoretical foundation for the integration of traditional Chinese culture into TCM pattern differentiation and treatment. In the Chapter of Zhizhenyao Dalun (Essentials on Disease and Therapy)in Suwen (The Yellow Emperor’s Inner Classic: Basic Questions), qi-circuit theory is associated with disease; patterns and medicinal properties by Xiang image thinking (analogy) to interpret the principles of pattern differentiation and treatment.Secondly, the Dacheng (dialectical) wisdom is the vitality of adhering to and innovation of national medical culture. Based on the symbol system of yin-yang and Taiji, Zhizhen yao Dalun discusses the treatment of patterns and conditions caused by hyperactive state of any six qi or counter-restriction of pathogenic qi, which clarifies the overall dynamic process of TCM pattern differentiation and treatment.In addition, the adhering to and innovation of the national medical culture is carried out on the basis of inheritance. With the traditional Chinese culture and philosophy of analogism and generalization, we have proprosed the core pathogenesis of "toxin damaging brain collaterals" in stroke and summarized the key pattern elements based on the pathogenesis of six qi in Zhizhenyao Dalun, which would further enrich and improve the TCM pattern differentiation and treatment of stroke.As an important part of traditional Chinese culture and philosophy, the system of pattern differentiation and treatment of TCM are formed by doctors in past dynasties under the guidence of ancient philosophy. In the new era of digital civilization, it is our responsibility to promote the original thinking of TCM, build a unified medicine with Chinese characteristics and make new contributions to the great health of human beings by learning and practicing the principles of traditional Chinese culture and philosophy.关键词：traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM);traditional Chinese culture;qi-circuit;Xiang (image) thinking;Dacheng (dialectical) wisdom;pattern differentiation and treatment
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发布时间：2021-09-09
Expert Opinions
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Reasoning structure of five elements in traditional Chinese medicine based on Toulmin argument model
摘要：There lack logical arguments for many TCM propositions. While to testify the authenticity of a proposition, apart from experimental and practical tests, logical argumentation is an important part. It is obviously not suitable to prove the propositions of TCM theory with classical formal logic methods. This article chooses Toulmin model of non-formal argumentation to analyze TCM propositions involving the five elements reasoning. It is demonstrated that TCM propositions based on the mutual generation or restriction among the five elements can be analyzed and demonstrated using Toulmins argument model as there is a similar structure between Toulmin argument model and pattern differentiation and treatment in TCM. The reasoning of the relationship among the zang-fu organs in TCM is a kind of analogical reasoning, which is full of probability and dependent on scene or domain.关键词：TCM;five elements theory;five elements reasoning;Toulmin argument model;analogy reasoning- 225
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发布时间：2021-09-09 - 摘要：Tumor, as a living organism and a representation of different dimensions of structure, energy and function, is a highly unified tissue combining xing (form), qi and shen (vitality). Shen is the root for tumorigenesis, qi is the fundamental factor, and xing is the image of tumorigenesis. Shen, qi and xing interact with each other, thus forming tumorigenesis of TCM. It provides a comprehensive vision for the entirety regulation of tumor under the guidance of such a theory with a holistic view on how tumor is generated.This study further points out that such a new perspective should be employed in the formulation of tumor diagnosis and treatment strategies, the construction of a therapeutic effect evaluation system, the holistic study of its mechanism, the development of antitumor drugs and exploration of a tumor model. The aforementioned are all needed to be included in the new cognition of tumorigenesis of TCM. Importantly, focus should be shifted from the combination of structure and energy to the integration of energy, structure and function, and emphasis should be equally paid to the regulation of xing, qi and shen, instead of only emphasizing xing and qi.关键词：TCM tumorigenesis;xing-qi-shen integration;structure;energy;function
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发布时间：2021-09-09
Theoretical Studies
- 摘要：The research work of ancient TCM books is mainly focused on the research and development of the knowledge element labeling platform and the data processing of the basic TCM theories. Through a summary of the previous researches on knowledge element in China, combined with the current research work on knowledge element of ancient TCM books, three issues are discussed: First, knowledge element concepts should be named directly from the word or phrase in the text. Second, the text extraction of knowledge element can be extracted by the use of speech law and the concept of "triple group" of knowledge mapping. Third, the description of semantic triples can be divided into two forms of expression: "entity-relationship-entity" to express different descriptions and "entity-attribute-property value" to express descriptive statements. Logical relationship among semantic triples and their descriptions require a comprehensive examination of ancient texts, such as words, syntax, semantics and pragmatics, etc. Thus the study of "logical grammar" may open up new paths for the study of knowledge element.关键词：knowledge element labeling;digitalization of ancient TCM books;logical grammar
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发布时间：2021-09-09 - 摘要：This paper compares different records of the formula of Jiu Tong Wan (Pills for Nine Kinds of Pain) in such traditional Chinese medical classics as Jin Gui Yao Lue(Essentials from the Golden Cabinet), Wai Tai Mi Yao (Arcane Essentials from the Imperial Library), Qian Jin Yao Fang (Important Formulas Worth a Thousand Gold Pieces for Emergency) (both the Song Dynasty Imperial Version and the Newly-Carved Version), as well as such related literatures as Yi Xin Fang (Formulas to Doctors’Heart’s Content), Tai Ping Sheng Hui Fang(Formulas from Benevolent Sages Compiled during the Taiping Era), and Tai Ping Hui Min He Ji Ju Fang (Beneficial Formulas from the Taiping Imperial Pharmacy). Based on such comparisons, key information related to Jiu Tong Wan are explored, including its actions and indications, the causes and mechanisms of its indicating symptoms, as well as the time when it was first recorded. Thus, it’s concluded that the formula of Jiu Tong Wan was first recorded in Qian Jin Yao Fang (Important Formulas Worth a Thousand Gold Pieces for Emergency), and that langya (wolf tooth) recorded in some versions is probably a mis-transcription of lang du (Chinese Stellera Root). The implication of this study is that the key contents of important formulas must be testified on the basis of a good collection and understanding of literature. To achieve the goal, it is necessary to build up a dynamic corpus and database, so that variants of the age-honored widely-applied formulas may be collected, and variants may be studied both synchronically and diachronically from the perspective of textual study, traditional linguistics and TCM knowledge. Only when all variants are compared and studied for their integrity and accuracy could the related ancient formulas be clinically viable and most useful for further developments.关键词：Jiu Tong Wan(Pills for Nine Kinds of Pain);Jin Gui Yao Lue(Essentials from the Golden Cabinet);textual studies
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发布时间：2021-09-09
Textual Research
- 摘要：ObjectiveTo identify the chemical components of Guanxin Ⅱ formula, and explore its mechanism in the treatment of acute myocardial infarction.MethodsIn this study, the components of Guanxin Ⅱ formula were identified with high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry-tandem mass spectrometry ( HPLC-MS /MS), the targets of the detected components were screened by searching the TCMSP database, and the disease targets were screened by searching the GeneCards and OMIM databases. Then STRING was applied to build the network of PPI, and Bioconductor database was used to perform GO and KEGG enrichment analysis, and Cytoscape software was used to build the drug-component-target-pathway-disease network diagram. Core targets were then obtained by calculating topological parameters. Finally, detected components and targets were identified by molecular docking.ResultsFive chemical components of Guanxin Ⅱ formula were detected, i. e. ferulic acid, tanshinol, paeoniflorin, protocatechualdehyde, and hydroxysafflor yellow A (HSYA). Nine key targets were screened, including CHRM1, CHRM2, CHRM3, PTGS1, ADRA1A, PLAU, GABRA1, AR and IL6, with the neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction pathway, calcium signaling pathway, cholinergic synapse pathway, and actin cytoskeleton signaling pathway involved. Molecular docking showed good binding activity between the detected components and CHRM1, and the molecular conformation was stable.ConclusionFive quality control components of Guanxin Ⅱ formula could be detected relatively quickly and accurately by HPLC-MS/MS. By binding with CHRM1, the components of Guanxin Ⅱ seem to protect cardiac myocytes through regulating the neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction pathway, calcium signaling pathway, cholinergic synapse pathway, and actin cytoskeleton signaling pathway, thus inhibiting oxidative stress, inflammatory damage and apoptosis after myocardial infarction. This study potentially provides a new idea and direction for further exploring the mechanism of Guanxin Ⅱ formula in the treatment of acute myocardial infarction. However, further experimental proof is still needed to determine whether Guanxin Ⅱ formula plays a role through the four pathways above, and to clarify the main targets and interaction between pathways.关键词：Guanxin Ⅱ formula;acute myocardial infarction;oxidative stress;inflammatory damage;apoptosis;CHRM1;HPLC-MS/MS;network pharmacology;molecular docking
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发布时间：2021-09-09
Science & Technology Theme
- 摘要：ObjectiveTo study the mechanism of Yishen Jiangzhuo(kidney-tonifying turbidity-downsending) Granule(YSJZG), a TCM formula under the therapeutic principle of "cultivating soil to restrict water" , in protecting the heart of rats with uremic cardiomyopathy.Methods5/6 nephrectomy rat models were randomly divided into sham operation group, model group, emodin group and low-, mid- and high-dose YSJZG group (n=10). Rats in each drug group were given corresponding drugs by gavage once a day for 2 months. Rats in the sham operation group and model group were given the same amount of distilled water by gavage. After the treatment, the levels of BUN, Scr, CK-MB and LDH in the blood of abdominal aorta were detected; the pathological changes of heart of rats were observed by hematoxylin eosin (HE) staining; the content of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in rat heart tissue was detected by chemiluminescence; the content of ATP in rat heart tissue was detected by Tunel Western blotting to detect myocardial apoptosis in heart tissue; and the protein expression levels of Cytochrome C, Caspase-3 and Caspase-9 was detected by Tunel.ResultsCompared with the model group, YSJZG alleviated the pathological changes of heart in uremic cardiomyopathy rats, improved the levels of BUN, Scr, CK-MB and LDH (P<0.05), and increased the content of ATP in heart tissue in uremic cardiomyopathy rats (P<0.05); besides, the expression of Cytochrome C, Caspase-3 and Caspase-9 decreased significantly (P<0.05).ConclusionThe cardioprotective effect of YSJZG on uremic cardiomyopathy rats may be related to its inhibition of mitochondrial apoptosis pathway.关键词：cultivating soil to restrict water;uremic cardiomyopathy;Yishen Jiangzhuo Granules (kidney-tonifying turbidity-downsending granule);mitochondria;ATP;apoptosis;rats
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发布时间：2021-09-09 - 摘要：ObjectiveTo observe the inhibitory effect of Peiyuan Kang’ai (Healthy qi-supplementing Anti-cancer) Decoction(PYKA Decoction) on tumor growth and lung metastasis of Lewis lung cancer mice, and to explore the effect of PKKA Decoction on autophagy and PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway.MethodsLewis lung cancer cells were inoculated subcutaneously in the right armpit of C57BL/6 mice to establish Lewis lung cancer bearing mice model. The tumor bearing mice were randomly divided into model group, cisplatin group, PYKA Decoction group and PYKA Decoction-cisplatin group. After the interventions of traditional Chinese medicine decoction by gavage and intraperitoneal injection of cisplatin, the quality of life of mice was observed; the lung metastasis was observed and the inhibition rate of lung metastasis was calculated; the tumor mass and tumor inhibition rate were calculated; the formation of autophagic vesicles was observed by transmission electron microscope; Western blot was used to observe the expression of autophagy factors LC3Ⅱ/ LC3Ⅰ, as well as the expression levels of PI3K/p-PI3K, AKT/p-AKT and mTOR/p-mTOR in tumor tissues.ResultsThe quality of life of mice in the model group and cisplatin group was poor, and there were aggregation, hair shedding and slow reaction in mice; while the quality of life of mice in PYKA Decoction group and PYKA Decoction-cisplatin group was better. Compared with those of the model group, in PYKA Decoction group and PYKA Decoction-cisplatin group, lung metastasis was significantly inhibited (P<0.05), and in the cisplatin group, there was a tendency to inhibit lung metastasis, but there was no statistical significance (P>0.05). Compared with that of the model group, the growth rate of tumor was significantly inhibited in the PYKA Decoction group, PYKA Decoction-cisplatin group and cisplatin group (P<0.05); specifically, the inhibition rate of tumor was higher in the cisplatin group than the PYKA Decoction group (P<0.05), and significantly higher in the PYKA Decoction-cisplatin group, compared with that of PYKA Decoction group or cisplatin group. Compared with the model group, the number of autophagic vesicles increased significantly in cisplatin group, PYKA Decoction group and PYKA Decoction-cisplatin group, suggesting that autophagy was enhanced. Compared with PYKA Decoction group, the expression of LC3Ⅱ/ LC3Ⅰ was higher in the cisplatin group and PYKA Decoction-cisplatin group (P<0.05), with that in the PYKA Decoction-cisplatin group being the highest(P<0.05). Compared with the model group, there was no significant difference in the expression of PI3K/AKT /mTOR in the tumor tissues of the treatment groups (P>0.05). The expression levels of p-PI3K/p-AKT/p-mTOR in the tumor tissues of the treatment groups were significantly lower than that of the model group (P<0.05); compared with that of the PYKA Decoction group, the expression of p-PI3K/p-AKT/p-mTOR in cisplatin group and PYKA Decoction-cisplatin group was lower (P<0.05), with that in PYKA Decoction-cisplatin group being the lowest(P<0.05).ConclusionPYKA Decoction could potentially improve the quality of life of mice and inhibit tumor growth and metastasis. The mechanism may be related to the inhibition of PI3K-AKT-mTOR signaling pathway and enhancement of tumor autophagy.关键词：Lewis lung carcinoma;Peiyuan Kang’ai (Healthy qi-supplementing Anti-cancer) Decoction;autophagy;PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway;mice
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发布时间：2021-09-09 - 摘要：ObjectiveTo investigate the mechanism of Danshensu (DSS, tanshinol) in improving energy metabolism of hypoxia/ reoxygenation (H/R) cardiomyocytes.MethodsThe cultured H9C2 cardiomyocytes were divided into five groups: control group, model group, Danshensu low-, medium-, and high-dose groups. The control group was continuously cultured in complete medium for 7 hours under normal conditions. The other groups were subjected to the oxy-glucose deprivation mode, after 4 hours of hypoxia and hypoglycemic stimulation, the culture was resumed under normal conditions for 3 hours. In Danshensu low-, medium- and high-dose groups, the complete medium contained 1, 10 and 20 μmol/L DSS respectively. The activity of cells was detected by CCK-8 method and the content of lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) was determined by ELISA to select the best drug concentration. The optimal drug concentration was selected as Danshensu optimal dose group. And then the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) was detected by JC-1 method, and the mitochondrial membrane permeability transition pore (mPTP) openness was monitored by fluorescence method. The protein expression level of ATP5G3 was evaluated by Western Blot (WB). The expression level of ATP5G3 was detected by RT-PCR.ResultsCompared with that of the control group, the cell activity was decreased, while LDH release was increased in the model group. After the intervention of DSS, the cell activity was increased, and LDH release was decreased in the Danshensu medium- and high-dose groups, but there was no significant difference between those two groups; so Danshensu medium-dose group was selected as the optimal dose group. Compared with that of the control group, in the model group ADP/ATP was increased, MMP was decreased, mPTP over-opened, and expression levels of mRNA ATP5G3 and protein ATP5G3 were up-regulated, with remarkable difference in statistics (P<0.01); whereas all these were obviously reversed by treatment of DSS in Danshensu medium-dose group (P<0.05, P<0.01).ConclusionDSS potentially plays an important role in improving energy metabolism of H/R cardiomyocytes and reducing cell damage, which may be related to the regulation of ATP5G3 expression.关键词：Danshensu (DSS, tanshinol);ischemia-reperfusion injury;ATP5G3 (ATP synthase F(0) complex subunit C3);energy metabolism
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发布时间：2021-09-09 - 摘要：ObjectiveTo observe the effect of serum containing Huangqin Qingre Chubi (Radix Scutellariae Heat-clearing Impediment-relieving, HQC) Capsule on the expression of miR-23a-3p/PTEN in co-cultured CD4+ T cells and cardiomyocytes of gouty arthritis (GA).MethodsPeripheral blood was drawn from GA patients to extract CD4+ T cells, and cardiomyocytes were purchased for cell isolation and cell co-culture. Sodium urate crystal culture solution was used to stimulate cardiomyocytes to simulate the pathological cardiomyocytes in GA patients, and then cell separation and cell co-cultivation were conducted. In the normal group, normal cardiomyocytes were used; in the control group, simulated pathological cardiomyocytes and normal CD4+ T cells were used. In the model group, simulated pathological cardiomyocytes and CD4+ T cells from GA patients were used. Among the model group, some were further divided into HQC group (serum containing HQC), miR mimic group (miR-23a-3p mimic stable transfection), miR NC group (miR-23a-3p NC stable transfection), and HQC + miR mimic group (miR-23a-3p mimic stable transfection, with serum containing HQC). CCK-8 was used to detect cell proliferation, IF to observe myocardial specific markers, Western blot method to detect the expression of PTEN protein, and RT-qPCR to detect gene expression of PTEN.ResultsHQC-containing serum had the most obvious effect on promoting cell proliferation when the volume fraction of HQC was 20%. Compared with those of the model group, HQC improved the ultrastructure of cardiomyocytes. Specifically, immunofluorescence showed that the fluorescent spots of BNP and Connexin 43 in the cardiomyocytes increased the most in the miR mimic group, while their distributions in the cardiomyocytes became disordered. In the normal group and control group, the fluorescent spots were decreased or even disappeared. Compared with those of the model group and miR mimic group, the fluorescent spots were significantly decreased in the HQC group and miR mimic group. HQC increased the level of PTEN protein in cardiomyocytes. After overexpression of miRNA-23a-3p, HQC still increased the expression level of PTEN protein to varying degrees, and increased the level of PTEN mRNA in cardiomyocytes (P<0.01).ConclusionHQC seems to up-regulate PTEN and inhibit cardiomyocytes by inhibiting miRNA-23a-3p.关键词：Huangqin Qingre Chubi(Radix Scutellariae Heat-clearing Impediment-relieving) Capsule;gouty arthritis;CD4+ T cells;cardiomyocytes;miR-23a-3p;PTEN
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发布时间：2021-09-09
Chinese Medicinal Pharmacology
- 摘要：ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of disassembled Simiao Yong’an decoction on the extraction rates of isochlorogenic acid C and angloside C.MethodsThe procedure of ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MSn) was performed on an ACQUITY UPLC®BEH C18 column (100 mm × 2.1 mm, 1.7 μm). The mobile phase was 0.1% formic acid aqueous solution (A) and methanol (B) in gradient elution with the flow velocity of 0.2 mL/min. The detection wavelength was 200 ~ 400 nm; the column temperature was 30 ℃; and the injection volume was 1 μL. Mass spectral data was acquired in negative mode of electrospray ionization (ESI), and the multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode was employed. The contents of isochlorogenic acid C and angloside C in 12 groups of decoction compatibility samples were analyzed and the extraction rates were calculated.ResultsIsochlorogenic acid C and angloside C showed a good linearity in the range of 115.297~8364.659 μg/g (r = 0.9993) and 37.065 ~ 1354.404 μg/g (r = 0.9992), respectively. The average recoveries were 93.77% (RSD = 7.04%) and 108.42% (RSD = 6.44%), respectively.ConclusionThe extraction rate of isochlorogenic acid C seems to be the highest in the whole formula. Compared with single drug, the extraction rate of angloside C in different combinations tend to decrease. It is suggested that the dissolution of isochlorogenic acid C and angloside C is affected by the flavonoids and organic acids in the formulae, and the integrity of the formulae should be considered to elucidate their compatibility.关键词：Simiao Yongan Decoction;disassembled formula;compatibility;isochlorogenic acid C;angloside C;extraction rate
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发布时间：2021-09-09
Chinese Medicinal Chemistry
- 摘要：ObjectiveTo explore the effects and mechanism of electroacupuncture and Jiawei Shaoyao Gancao (Supplemented Peony and Licorice) Decoction to alleviate spasticity of cerebral apoplexy (SCA).MethodsQualified SD rats were selected to form into the blank group, sham operation group, model group, electroacupuncture group, Jiawei Shaoyao Gancao (JSG) Decoction group, electroacupuncture + JSG group, and baclofen group (n=9). The improved Zea-Longa thread method and internal capsule injection of the NMDA receptor method were used to prepare a stroke rat model with limb spasticity. After the successful modelling was confirmed with behavioral score, the following interventions were performed for each group for five days: electroacupuncture group (bilateral GB 34 (Yanglingquan) and LI 11 (Quchi), 30 min per time, once a day), JSG Decoction group (decoction, 10 mL/kg, once a time), baclofen group (baclofen tablet aqueous solution, 10 mL/kg, once a time), electroacupuncture + JSG group (the combination of the corresponding interventions in JSG decoction group and electroacupuncture group). Behavioral detection of nerve damage and electron microscope observation of synaptic neuron ultrastructure were applied after intervention; Besides, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction detection and Western blotting were used to detect the expression of BDNF, Trkb, SYN, PSD95 related mRNA and protein expressions in the cortex.ResultsCompared with the normal group, the Zealonga neurological function score of the model group was increased (P<0.01); the number of synapses under the microscope was significantly reduced, the number of vesicles was reduced and the density was uneven, the front and back membranes and spaces were fused with blurred boundaries; the postsynaptic terminal cytoplasmic degeneration and solubilization of the cells were significant, the density of the post-synaptic compact zone also decreased, and the mRNA and protein expression levels of BDNF, Trkb, SYN, PSD95 were decreased (P<0.01). Compared with the model group, the scores of each treatment group were decreased (P<0.05), the synaptic structure of each treatment group was significantly relieved, and the mRNA and protein expression levels of BDNF, Trkb, SYN, and PSD95 were increased (P<0.05, P<0.01); there was no significant difference in the scores among the treatment groups (P>0.05). The synaptic cell vesicles in the electroacupuncture + JSG group were clearly formed, with clear boundaries and regular gaps. In both the electroacupuncture + JSG group and baclofen group, the mRNA and protein expressions of BDNF, Trkb, SYN and PSD95 were significantly increased (P<0.05, P<0.01).ConclusionElectroacupuncture combined with Jiawei Shaoyao Gancao (JSG) Decoction seems to down regulate the expression of neurotrophic factors (BDNF, TrkB) and synaptic plasticity related proteins (syn, PSD95) in SCA rats, so as to regulate the recovery of spasticity after stroke to a greater extent.关键词：spasticity of cerebral apoplexy;neurotrophic factor;synaptic plasticity protein;electroacupuncture combined with decoction;rats
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发布时间：2021-09-09
Acupuncture & Moxibustion
- 摘要：Cancer pain is one of the main botherings of cancer patients in the late stage. Although the "three-step" cancer pain treatment principle in western medicine has obvious effects on most patients, there are still defects such as great toxic and side effects. In TCM, cancer pain is classified as a "pain pattern" . According to the 19 pathogenesis explored in Huang Di Nei Jing (The Yellow Emperor’s Inner Classic): Basic Questions, "all pain, itchiness or sore disorders pertain to the heart" , and modern studies have gradually found that cancer pain is related to the function of the "heart" . Therefore, based on the theory of "all pain, itchiness or sore disorders pertaining to the heart" , this paper sorts out its related historical origin and modern extension, analyzes the relationship between the function of the heart and cancer pain, summarizes the corresponding treatment principles and methods, and improves the principle-method-formula-medicine system for the treatment of cancer pain from the perspective of the heart, thus attempting to open up a new way for the treatment of cancer pain.关键词：19 pathogeneses;cancer pain;heart;theoretical discussion
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发布时间：2021-09-09
Clinical Studies
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