最新刊期
卷 46 ， 期 6 ， 2023
- 摘要：Traditional Chinese drug effects are a highly generalized function of drug treatment and health care under the guidance of traditional Chinese medicine theory. The identification of each drug effect has experienced a long historical evolution. Throughout the records in ancient and modern herbal literature, there are different degrees of expression, which may be attributed to the differences in geographical space, the understanding of doctors, the academic schools, and the compatible environments. The redefinition of traditional Chinese drug effects merits an in-depth discussion. Clarifying the "source" and "flow" of the drug effects, considering the basic effects and division and connection of formulas and drugs, and evaluating the dosage of drugs should be the main principles of the research. On the basis of inheritance and innovation, it is proposed that we attach importance to the collation of traditional Chinese drug effects in ancient and modern literature, strengthen the inheritance of the clinical medication experiences of national senior Chinese medicine doctors, introduce modern clinical and pharmacological research, and use the phylogenetic theory of medicinal plants as the main approaches to study traditional Chinese drug effects. This has far-reaching significance for unifying and standardizing traditional Chinese drug effects, improving clinical efficacy, and broadening the clinical application scope of traditional Chinese drugs.关键词：traditional Chinese drug effects;changes from ancient times to the present;principle of redefinition;research approach
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发布时间：2023-07-05 - 摘要：Using the efficacy of a single medicine as an entry point, followed by data on the actual clinical use of the medicine, a literature research and relevant analyses were performed to study the multi-potency of the medicine and its interrelationships, in order to build a framework system of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) efficacy omics. Efficacy is inherent in TCM, and it is also the most important and active element in TCM, which originates from summarizing and condensing people’s long-term practical experience. One medicine with multiple functions is an important feature and general rule of TCM, because a single medicine is a multi-potency combination cluster. The efficacy of TCM is not isolated from each other, but is interrelated and influences each other. Multifunctional overall representation with multiple efficacies is the advantage and characteristic of TCM. According to the needs of clinical therapeutic use, appropriate means or measures can be taken for human intervention to regulate suitable efficacy selection and avoid unwanted effects. This is conducive to bringing into play the expertise of the efficacy of TCM, and improving the level of clinical precision in drug use. It is of great theoretical value and practical significance to strengthen the study of TCM efficacy omics.关键词：one medicine with multiple functions;overall representation;multi-measure regulation;traditional Chinese medicine efficacy omics
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发布时间：2023-07-05 - 摘要：Whether "eighteen incompatible medicaments" (a term in Chinese medicine, also called "eighteen clashes" ) can be used in same prescription has been debated endlessly in past time, and no unified conclusion has been formed. A systematic and long-term experimental research performed by the group led by the author, on two classical famous prescriptions, including Haizao Yuhu Decoction and Gansui Banxia Decoction. It was found that different proportions, dosages, processing variations, modes of administration, times of administration, and primitive plants of the compatibility between liquorice root and seeweed, and between gansui root and liquorice root, were the factors affecting the "anti" and "non-anti". Specifically, in each condition, there were conditions that were suitable for application and deemed appropriate, and conditions that were not suitable for application and deemed contraindicated. This showed that the "eighteen incompatible medicaments" is not an absolute contraindication. It can be concluded that "the eighteen incompatible medicaments" is a conditional "anti", but it is not an absolute contraindication, and there are certain conditions and certain scopes for the combination of anti-drugs to be used together, based on the result of experimental studies, literatural studies and clinical reports.关键词：eighteen incompatible medicaments;suitable and contraindicated conditions;Haizao Yuhu Decoction;Gansui Banxia Decoction
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发布时间：2023-07-05 - 摘要：The understanding of Pinellia Ternata is reflected in various aspects of the theoretical system of the medicinal properties of Chinese materia medica, including the medicinal source, properties, efficacy, medicinal use and pharmacology. Through an analysis of the pharmacology of Pinellia Ternata, it was shown that the pharmacology of Chinese materia medica is guided by ancient Chinese philosophy, which is based on the external appearance of the medicine combined with traditional Chinese medicine theory and clinical practice, to explain and analyze the laws and principles of the medicinal action. This integrates various aspects of the traditional Chinese culture and the sources, properties, and efficacy of the medicine. Therefore, the understanding and application of Chinese materia medica must attach importance to the records of ancient Chinese herbal literature, which must be analyzed systematically to effectively guide clinical medication.关键词：materia medica literature;Pinellia Ternata;Pharmacology;medicinal properties of Chinese materia medica
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发布时间：2023-07-05
Special Theme: Properties, Efficacy, and Application of Chinese Materia Medica
- 摘要：Cytokine storm, which is an overreaction of the immune system to external stimulation, is characterized by a rapid increase in cytokine levels and leucocyte counts due to a positive feedback loop, and results in tissue damage and organ dysfunction with a highly inflammatory state. By analyzing the pathogeny, histopathology, disease progression, and clinical manifestation of diseases related to cytokine storm, this article summarizes key information from traditional Chinese medicine for syndrome differentiation. The etiologies of cytokine storm include external causes and causes that are neither internal nor external, and pathologies such as toxin, phlegm, blood stasis, and deficiency are also observed during cytokine storm. The spectrum of diseases covers warm-heat and damp-heat diseases, which could be differentiated using Weifen-Qifen-Yingfen-Xuefen theory; in addition, the fight between vital qi and pathogenic qi can be divided into syndromes with good prognosis and syndromes with unfavorable prognosis. The most commonly injured organs are the lung, heart, spleen, and stomach. However, during the treatment of diseases related to cytokine storm, attention should be paid to the above information to estimate the risk of a cytokine storm occurring, and to adopt appropriate treatment method to prevent its occurrence and improve prognosis.关键词：cytokine storm;key of traditional Chinese medicine syndrome differentiation;etiology;pathology;disease property;disease stage;disease development trend;disease location
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发布时间：2023-07-05 - 摘要：Takayasu arteritis (TAK) is a chronic granulomatous vasculitis with an unknown etiology that often manifests over time. It has a dismal prognosis and is currently clinically refractory. The theory of poisonous evil has drawn more attention in recent years in the treatment of autoimmune disorders. Poisonous evil tends to accumulate and transform into heat, which causes a variety of symptoms to gradually emerge. Our team believes that the main cause of TAK is the prolonged stagnation of poisonous evil, the transformation of heat into fire, and the damage to the vessels and collaterals. Blood stasis is the basic pathogenesis. This disease is located in the blood vessels, which is also closely related to the spleen and kidney. TAK also belongs to a deficiency in origin and excess in superficislity. Kidney and spleen deficiencies, and a lack of essence and blood, cause only partially filled blood vessels and restricted blood flow. The collection of evil qi and the transformation of heat-toxin culminates in the accumulation of heat-toxin and congestion of blood vessels. The illness persists and the evil qi remains and penetrates the internal organs, causing a lack of vital qi, and the viscera loses its nourishment. Unblocking the blood vessels and boosting blood circulation is the cornerstone of clinical treatment. The focus of treatment is on removing heat-toxin during the active phase, while during the remission phase, the focus is on strengthening the spleen and kidney, nourishing the vessels, taking into consideration detoxification, and dredging collaterals. The goal of the cicatricial period is to dredge collaterals in order to enrich vital qi. Based on relevant theories of traditional Chinese medicine and pathological mechanisms research of western medicine, the significance of heat-toxin in the pathogenesis of TAK is explained. Our team believes that the heat-toxin in blood vessels developing into lumps is the vasculature are the cause of the disease’s morbidity. The heat-toxin can be cleared to remove blood stasis and eliminate lumps, which will improve clinical symptoms, slow the disease’s progression, and provide ideas for clinical treatment.关键词：heat-toxin;blood vessels;lumps;Takayasu arteritis;pathogenesis
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发布时间：2023-07-05 - 摘要：Cassia twig, a Chinese herbal drug, is widely prescribed in Treatise on Cold Pathogenic Diseases, and it is found in more than 60 clauses and more than 40 prescriptions. It treats covers all of the diseases of the six meridians, namely, three yin and three yang. Shennong’s Classic of Materia Medica described cassia twig as: (i) mainly used to relieve cough with dyspnea due to counterflow of qi, stagnation of qi, throat impediment, and breathing with the mouth due to severe impediment of the throat, to promote movement of joints, tonify the middle energizer, and replenish qi; and (ii) useful for ushering other traditional Chinese drugs to treat all the disease, and able to invigorate the spirit and mind, relax the body, and prevent aging. This article begins from the thought of "image, " referred to in the text of Shennong’s Classic of Materia Medica, by analyzing the natural attributes of cassia twigs, such as shape, position, color, taste, smell, texture, habits, and growth environment. This is combined with the Treatise on Cold Pathogenic Diseases and the experience of physicians in previous dynasties, and it summarizes and analyzes the "image " mechanism of its efficacy to broaden its application in modern clinical treatment.关键词：cassia twig;Treatise on Cold Pathogenic Diseases;image thinking;efficacy
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发布时间：2023-07-05
Theoretical Studies
- 摘要：ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of the extracts from Euphorbiae Semen before and after frosting on the toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB)/NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) signaling pathway.MethodsAccording to the body weight, 42 BALB/c mice were randomly divided into a blank control group, Euphorbiae Semen low-, medium-, and high- dose groups (10.49, 20.98, and 41.96 g/kg, respectively) and Euphorbiae Semen Pulveratum low-, medium-, and high- dose groups (10.49, 20.98, and 41.96 g/kg, respectively), with six mice in each group. Mice received continuous gavage for 7 d. The contents of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in serum of mice were determined by enzyme linked immune sorbent assay. The protein and the mRNA expression of TLR4, NF-κB p65, and NLRP3 in colon tissues of mice were detected by Western blotting and real-time PCR. According to the body weight, 30 BALB/c mice were randomly divided into a blank control group, Euphorbiae Semen group, Euphorbiae Semen + TAK-242 group, Euphorbiae Semen Pulveratum group, and Euphorbiae Semen Pulveratum+ TAK-242 group, with six mice in each group. The administration groups were respectively given 20.96 g/kg of Euphorbiae Semen or Euphorbiae Semen Pulveratum, and the continuous gavage time was 7 d. The Euphorbiae Semen + TAK-242 group and Euphorbiae Semen Pulveratum+ TAK-242 group were intraperitoneally injected with TAK242 (3 mg/kg) 30 min before and on Day 1, 5, 6, and 7 of administration. The protein expression of NLRP3 and NF-κB p65, and the mRNA expression of NLRP3 and IL-1β in colon tissues of mice were assessed by Western blotting and real-time PCR.ResultsEuphorbiae Semen not only significantly promoted the release of IL-1β and TNF-α, but it also significantly increased the protein and the mRNA expression of TLR4, NF-κB p65 and NLRP3 (P<0.05, P<0.01). However, upregulation of IL-1β and TNF-α secretion, and the protein and mRNA expressions of TLR4, NF-κB p65, NLRP3 were decreased by Euphorbiae Semen Pulveratum (P<0.05, P<0.01). NLRP3 and NF-κB p65 protein expression and NLRP3 and IL-1β mRNA expression were inhibited after the intervention with the TLR4 inhibitor TAK-242 (P<0.01).ConclusionEuphorbiae Semen could induce an inflammatory response of the colon tissue by activating the TLR4-mediated NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway, thus promoting the release of TNF-α and IL-1β. However, upregulation of the TLR4/NF-κB/NLRP3 signaling pathway and pro-inflammatory factor secretion were significantly alleviated by Euphorbiae Semen Pulveratum, indicating that the detoxification mechanism of Euphorbiae Semen frosting may be related to the decreased ability to cause inflammation and the intervention of TLR4/NF-κB/NLRP3 signaling pathway.关键词：Euphorbiae Semen;detoxification by frosting;TLR4/NF-κB/NLRP3 signaling pathway;inflammatory response;mice
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发布时间：2023-07-05 - 摘要：ObjectiveTo investigate the protein metabolism profile of Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua polysaccharide (PCP) on cisplatin-induced myotube atrophy in mouse myoblasts (C2C12 cells) by tandem mass tag (TMT)-labeled quantitative proteomics, and to further explore the mechanism of PCP.MethodsC2C12 cells were cultured into myotubes and divided into four groups: normal group, cisplatin group, PCP group, and cisplatin + PCP group. The cells in the normal group were administered serum-free high-glucose DMEM medium, the cells in the cisplatin group were administered serum-free high-glucose DMEM medium + 50 μmol/L cisplatin, the cells in the PCP group were administered serum-free high-glucose DMEM medium+ 0.200 mg/L PCP, the cells in the cisplatin + PCP group were administered serum-free high-glucose DMEM medium+ 50 μmol/L cisplatin + 0.200 mg/L PCP, and cells of all of the groups were cultured for 24 h in the dark. The viability of C2C12 cells was detected by the CCK8 method, the myotube diameter and cell fusion index were determined by an immunofluorescence method, and the protein metabolism profile of PCP that improved C2C12 myotube atrophy induced by cisplatin was characterized by TMT proteomics.ResultsCCK8 result showed that PCP promoted the viability of C2C12 cells, the modeling dose of cisplatin-induced C2C12 myotube atrophy was 50 μmol/L, and the mass concentration of PCP was 0.200 mg/L. The result of immunofluorescence showed that, compared with the cisplatin group, the diameter and fusion index of the myotubes were increased after PCP intervention (P<0.01). Proteomic result showed that 43 proteins, including phosphopantothenate-cysteine ligase, pantothenate kinase 4, α-enolase and CCR4-NOT transcription complex subunit 9, underwent continuous regulatory changes among the normal group, cisplatin group, and cisplatin + PCP group. Regulation of metabolic pathways related to ribosomes, sphingolipid metabolism and sphingolipid biosynthesis contributed to the improvement of C2C12 myotube atrophy induced by cisplatin.ConclusionPCP improved C2C12 myotube atrophy induced by cisplatin, and its mechanism may be related to downregulating the accumulation of ceramide, which may be mediated by sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 2.关键词：Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua;Polysaccharide;myoblast;cisplatin;atrophy;proteomics
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发布时间：2023-07-05 - 摘要：ObjectiveWe aimed to investigate the mechanism of Huangqi Guizhi Wuwu Decoction in regulating M1/M2 macrophage polarization.MethodsU937 cells induced by lipopolysaccharide into M1 macrophages, established α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAchR) silencing and agonist model. There were divided into the control group, the 10% medicated serum group, the siRNA NC 10% medicated serum group, the siRNA α7nAchR 10% medicated serum group, and the GTS-21 group acting as an α7nAchR agonist. Immunofluorescence was used to detect the number of M1 and M2 macrophages, quantitative real-time PCR was used to detect the mRNA levels of M1 and M2 macrophage marker genes, pro-inflammatory factors produced by M1 macrophages and anti-inflammatory factors produced by M2 macrophages were measured by ELISA. Western blotting was used to detect the expression levels of α7nAchR in macrophages.ResultsCompared with the control group, the number of M1 macrophages decreased (P<0.01) and the number of M2 macrophages increased (P<0.01) in the 10% medicated serum group. The expression of the M1 macrophage genes adhesion protein leukocyte integrin (Cd11c) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) was reduced (P<0.01), while expression of the M2 macrophage genes arginase 1 (Arg1) and mannose receptor 1 (CD206) increased (P<0.01). The levels of the pro-inflammatory factors interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) produced by M1 macrophages decreased (P<0.01), and the levels of the anti-inflammatory factors interleukin-10 (IL-10) and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) produced by M2 macrophages increased (P<0.01). Furthermore, α7nAchR expression increased in the 10% medicated serum group, the siRNA NC 10% medicated serum group, and the GTS-21 group (P<0.01). Compared with the siRNA α7nAchR 10% medicated serum group, the number of M1 macrophages decreased (P<0.01), and the number of M2 macrophages increased (P<0.01) in the siRNA NC 10% medicated serum group and GTS-21 group. The expression of Cd11c and iNOS decreased (P<0.01) and the expression of Arg1 increased (P<0.01) in the siRNA NC 10% medicated serum group, and the levels of IL-1β and IL-6 were reduced (P<0.01) in the siRNA NC 10% medicated serum group. The levels of IL-10 and TGF-β increased (P<0.01), and the expression of α7nAchR increased in the siRNA NC 10% medicated serum group and GTS-21 group (P<0.05, P<0.01).ConclusionHuangqi Guizhi Wuwu Decoction may improve the inflammatory response by activating α7nAchR to induce M1/M2 macrophage polarization.关键词：α7nAchR;macrophages;polarization;inflammation;Huangqi Guizhi Wuwu Decoction;mice
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发布时间：2023-07-05 - 摘要：ObjectiveTo elucidate the mechanism of action of icariin to protect photoreceptor cells suffering from endoplasmic reticulum stress.MethodsThapsigargin(0.2 μmol/L), was used to induce endoplasmic reticulum stress in the mouse cone cell line 661W. AlamarBlue staining was used to detect cell viability. The levels of proteins related to the unfolded protein response p-PERK, GRP78, CHOP were analyzed by Western blotting. The intracellular Ca2+ level was analyzed by fluorescence imaging and the F340/F380 ratio method. Permeability transition pore protein and the membrane potential in mitochondria were analyzed by fluorescence staining. The binding and interaction between icariin and SERCA2b were analyzed in vitro by molecular docking.ResultsThapsigargin induced 661W cell death. Icariin significantly inhibited 661W cell death caused by thapsigargin in the concentration of 2.22-20.00 nmol/L (P<0.01). Thapsigargin induced the unfolded protein responses in 661W cells, significantly promoting the phosphorylation of PERK (Thr980) (P<0.01) and increasing the protein levels of transcription factor CHOP (P<0.01). Icariin (2.0 μmol/L) significantly downregulated the expression of CHOP protein (P<0.01) and had the trend of inhibitation of phosphorylation of PERK(Thr980). Within 10 minutes after thapsigargin acting on 661 W cells, the calcium ions in the cytosol increased. Icariin pretreatment (1.0 μmol/L) inhibited an increase of intracellular calcium content. Thapsigargin induced the opening of mitochondrial permeability transition pores in 661W cells, which in turn caused a decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential. Icariin (2.0 μmol/L) inhibited thapsigargin-induced mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening and mitochondrial membrane potential reduction. In vitro molecular docking analysis showed that icariin stably bound to the nucleotide-binding and phosphorylation domains of SERCA2b, with a binding energy of -8.776 kcal/mol and multiple hydrogen bonds.ConclusionIcariin partially antagonized the effect on the binding of thapsigargin and SERCA, which maintained Ca2+ homeostasis in cones, contributing to mitochondrial health. This may be one mechanism of action of icariin in cone cell protection.关键词：icariin;endoplasmic reticulum stress;endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ -ATPase;mitochondrial damage;photoreceptor degeneration;661W cell
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发布时间：2023-07-05
Experimental Studies
- 摘要：ObjectiveWe aimed to explore the correlation between the functional status of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients and damp-heat obstruction syndrome.MethodsThe case data of 1, 008 patients with RA from 18 research centers of China were retrospectively analyzed, and the patients were divided into a damp-heat group and a non-damp-heat group. X-ray grades, a health assessment questionnaire (HAQ) disability index, disease activity score (DAS28), visual analogue pain scales(VAS) score, joint tenderness number, joint swelling number, laboratory indexes, and general data of the two groups were compared.ResultsThe X-ray grade, HAQ, VAS score, DAS28-ESR, joint tenderness number, and joint swelling number of the patients in the damp-heat group were higher than those of the patients in the non-damp-heat group (P<0.05). The hemoglobin, platelet, erythrocyte sedimentation, and anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibody of patients in the damp-heat group were higher than those of the patients in the non-damp-heat group (P<0.05). There were no differences in leukocytes, rheumatoid factor, family history, fatigue history, emotional history, smoking history, drinking history, or other factors between the two groups (P>0.05).ConclusionThe functional status of RA patients was closely related to the syndrome of damp-heat obstruction. The disease activity of RA patients with damp-heat obstruction syndrome was higher and the degree of disability was more severe.关键词：damp-heat obstruction syndrome;rheumatoid arthritis;X-ray;bone destruction
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发布时间：2023-07-05 - 摘要：ObjectiveWe aimed to analyze and predict the risk of white matter lesions (WMLs) in hypertensive patients with different traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndromes, and to explore the relationship and influencing factors between them.MethodsFrom September 2019 to December 2021, 309 patients were enrolled from the cardiovascular departments of the Affiliated Hospital of Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, and they were divided into four syndromes: phlegm and blood stasis syndrome, kidney qi deficiency syndrome, liver fire hyperactivity syndrome, and yin deficiency and yang hyperactivity syndrome. Diastolic blood pressure (DBP), homocysteine acid (Hcy), uric acid (UA), and serum cystatin C (Cys C) were measured. The ARWMC and Fazekas scales were used to assess the site, score, and the degree of WMLs (mild, moderate, or severe) in hypertensive patients with different syndromes, and the correlation between risk factors and different syndromes was summarized.ResultsThere were significant differences in DBP, Hcy, UA, and Cys C among different TCM syndrome types (P<0.05). WMLs were assessed by the Fazekas and ARWMC scales, and there was no significant difference in the distribution of WMLs sites among different syndrome types. There was no significant difference in the Fazekas scores of WMLs, but there was a significant difference in the ARWMC ratings among different syndrome types (P<0.05). The WMLs Fazekas and ARWMC risk classification analysis of different TCM syndrome types were significantly different (P<0.05). According to the Fazekas scale assessment, there were differences in WMLs among all of the syndrome types (P<0.05). Spearman rank correlation analysis showed that the WMLs degree was positively correlated with age, Hcy, Cys C, and UA in the phlegm and blood stasis syndrome group (rs=0.22, 0.23, 0.18, 0.24, P<0.05). The WMLs degree was negatively correlated with HUA and HHcy (rs=-0.19, -0.21, P<0.05). The degree of WMLs was positively correlated with UA (rs=0.48, P<0.05), and negatively correlated with HUA (rs=-0.47, P<0.05). The degree of WMLs in yin deficiency and yang hyperactivity syndrome group was positively correlated with age, HUA, and Cys C (rs=0.37, 0.27, 0.27, P<0.05), and negatively correlated with UA (rs=-0.32, P<0.05). The degree of WMLs in the kidney qi deficiency syndrome group was positively correlated with Hcy (rs=0.33, P<0.05), but negatively correlated with HHcy and DBP (rs=-0.32, -0.30, P<0.05). The phlegm and blood stasis syndrome had more risk factors with a statistically significant difference (P<0.05) compared with the liver fire hyperactivity syndrome, yin deficiency and yang hyperactivity syndrome, and kidney qi deficiency syndrome. According to the ARWMC rating, there were differences in WMLs among all syndrome types (P<0.05). Spearman rank correlation analysis showed that the WMLs degree was positively correlated with UA (rs=0.57, P<0.05) and negatively correlated with HUA (rs=-0.58, P<0.05) in patients with hypertension and the ARWMC rating. The degree of WMLs was positively correlated with UA (rs=0.34, P<0.05), and negatively correlated with HUA (rs=-0.44, P<0.05). The degree of WMLs in the kidney qi deficiency syndrome group was positively correlated with Cys C (rs=0.26, P<0.05), and negatively correlated with diabetes mellitus and HUA (rs=-0.30, -0.28, P<0.05).There were more risk factors with statistically significant differences (P<0.05) in the kidney qi deficiency syndrome compared with phlegm and blood stasis syndrome, liver fire hyperactivity syndrome, and yin deficiency and yang hyperactivity syndrome.ConclusionThe phlegm and blood stasis syndrome and kidney qi deficiency syndrome may be TCM syndrome types with higher incidences of WMLs in hypertensive patients.关键词：hypertension;traditional Chinese medicine syndrome;white matter lesions;risk assessment;influence factors
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发布时间：2023-07-05 - 摘要：In recent years, the prevalence of infertility has continued to rise, and the incidence in the population has shown a trend toward younger individuals, how to prevent and treat the disease more effectively has become a difficult problem. The intestinal microbiota has been shown to be the largest endocrine organ of the human. It regulates the metabolism of the host through a variety of mechanisms and is closely related to women’s reproductive endocrine functions. The theory of "the disease of double yang involve the heart and the spleen" can provide a new idea for explaining the relationship between the intestinal microbiota and infertility from the perspective of traditional Chinese medicine. The two-yang are the stomach and intestines, and as the pathway between the human body and outside world, they are susceptible to disease, including those of the heart and spleen. The stomach and intestines belong to the six fu-organs, which transport and transform water and food without storage, providing a material basis for the heart and spleen, and in turn the heart and spleen play a regulatory role in the double yang. Therefore, under the guidance of the heart and spleen, the function of double yang is coordinated, the essence and blood are combined and condensed, and pregnancy will more likely result. Based on the theory of "the disease of double yang involve the heart and the spleen", we elaborate the correlation between the theory and intestinal microbiota and infertility, and we further elucidate the use of this theory to regulate the body's homeostasis to prevent or treat infertility, in order to provide a new theoretical basis and clinical guidance for the treatment of infertility.关键词：the disease of the double yang involve the heart and the spleen;intestinal microbiota;infertility;heart;spleen
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发布时间：2023-07-05 - 摘要：Henoch-Schönlein purpura nephritis (HSPN) in children is an immune disorder disease characterized by skin purpura accompanied by hematuria with or without proteinuria. Because of an increasing incidence rate, its treatment and prevention are gradually attracting greater attention. According to its clinical symptoms, the disease is classified as "purpura wind" "edema" and "cloudy urine", and it is believed that collaterals are involved in the occurrence of the disease. As a microstructure that cooperates with the collaterals to perform the functions of kidney filtration and circulation of qi, blood, and body fluids, the kidney xuanfu also plays an important role in the pathological process of HSPN. If the opening and closing of the kidney xuanfu are orderly, and the collaterals are circulating smoothly, the kidney function is normal, the renal collaterals are not disturbed by evil factors, and the disease only manifests as skin purpura. If the opening and closing of the kidney xuanfu are not controlled properly, and the collaterals are blocked, the renal collaterals will be damaged, which will lead to the occurrence of HSPN. In view of this, this article proposes that the occurrence and development of HSPN can be divided into three stages: (ⅰ) the collaterals are disturbed by pathogenic factors, and the kidney xuanfu is open; (ⅱ) the collaterals are empty, and the kidney xuanfu is not controlled; and (ⅲ) the xuanfu is closed, the collaterals and blood exhibit stasis, and fire generates and phlegm retention appears. In addition, our team initially explored the treatment principles and method of HSPN based on the principle of "calming the collaterals and clearing the xuanfu", "nourishing the collaterals and regulating the xuanfu", and "opening the xuanfu and dredging the collaterals" from the perspective of "the opening and closing of the kidney xuanfu, and the dredging and blocking of collaterals", with a view to providing new ideas for clinical treatment.关键词：kidney xuanfu;kidney collateral;Henoch-Schönlein purpura nephritis;pathogenesis;treatment method
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发布时间：2023-07-05 - 摘要：Sanjiao, a term of traditional Chinese medicine, which consists of the upper, middle, and lower jiao, is a membrane system that encompasses the zangfu organs. We propose the idea that sanjiao is a four-way membranous channels, internally connecting with the micro-membrane of the zangfu organs, extending to the skin, muscles, tendons, bones, and joints, by which water and fluid is transferred from the upper jiao to the middle jiao, then to the lower jiao, countering the transfer of blood and essence to promote the qi movement and generate health-promoting nutrition. Pulmonary interstitial fibrosis secondary to rheumatoid arthritis is characterized by disorders of both joints and the lung, and it is a condition in which healthy qi deficiency occurs, with phlegm and blood or intertwined that blocks the joints and lung micro-membrane. In the early stage of rheumatoid arthritis, external evils, such as wind, cold, and damp, build up in the joints of the tendons and bones, and prolonged early-stage symptoms would cause phlegm production and blood stasis which may obstruct the joints. Phlegm turbidity and blood stasis remain in the sanjiao membranous channels and stagnate the pulmonary micro-membrane, which may cause the pulmonary interstitial disease. The sanjiao four-way membranous channels is the pathway for joint phlegm and blood stasis flowing to the lungs, and sanjiao obstruction can aggravate phlegm and blood stagnation. The treatment is based on the principle of dredging, transforming, and regulating sanjiao, selecting herbs for regulating qi, promoting blood circulation and expelling wind, and using drugs that tonify the lung, warm the kidney, turn to qi, and regulate the state of zangfu organ. This unblocks the sanjiao membranous channels and dissipates the phlegm and blood stasis turbidity evil of the obstructed lung micro-membrane, and it can effectively treat pulmonary interstitial fibrosis secondary to rheumatoid arthritis.关键词：the theory of sanjiao membranous channels;rheumatoid arthritis;secondary pulmonary interstitial fibrosis;lung micro-membrane;dredging and regulating sanjiao
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发布时间：2023-07-05 - 摘要：Bronchiectasis is characterized by recurrent airway infections, a progressive inflammatory response, and persistent decline in lung function. Airway remodeling is the key to its pathology. It is of great significance to explain the dynamic evolution of airway remodeling in patients with bronchiectasis using the theory of "latent pathogen" and "chronic diseases affecting the collaterals", which are essential pathogenesis theories of traditional Chinese medicine. Lung collaterals are small and microscopic, and they allow the flow of qi and blood to infiltrate and nourish the lungs. Phlegm, blood stasis, heat, and other latent pathogens can hide deep and distantly, causing self-accumulation and aggregation, time-delayed attacks, and long-term affecting the collaterals. The process by which the functional structure of the lung collaterals is changed due to the accumulation of evil qi is closely related to the process of chronic inflammation caused by bacterial colonization in bronchiectasis. Based on the above, our team believed that the pathogenesis of the acute stage of bronchiectasis is triggered by external factors, the internal hidden pathogens are activated, phlegm and fire mutually cause immediate qi activity, and the latent pathogens accumulate to damage the lung collaterals. The pathogenesis in the stable stage differs, in that the latent pathogens move inward, and the lung collaterals are damaged after prolonged disease, with lung deficiency and collateral stasis. Furthermore, pathogens from masses in collaterals due to long-term retention, and "pathogenic qi in the lung collaterals" is the core of the pathogenesis of bronchiectasis, and latent phlegm is present through the entire course of the disease. The clinical treatment of our team is based on the syndrome differentiation and treatment of "dredging collaterals to make it work", which is mainly treated with a pungent drug. In the acute phase, pungent drugs should be used to dredge collaterals, clear collaterals, and remove pathogens, while the patient in the stable period should be treated by a tonifying deficiency, dredging collaterals, and supporting the healthy qi to dispel the pathogen. This approach provide new ideas for guiding clinical treatment.关键词：bronchiectasis;airway remodeling;lung collaterals;latent pathogen;dispelling pathogen and dredging collaterals
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发布时间：2023-07-05
Clinical Studies
- 摘要：The typical clinical symptom of fibromyalgia syndrome(FMS) is systemic diffuse pain, which is diverse in nature and cannot be relieved by rest. Additionally, most patients have sleep disorder, fatigue, and cognitive dysfunction. Based on the brain-heart-liver axis with Du meridian as the pivot, the pathogenesis of FMS is discussed here. It was considered that the invasion of muscles by wind, cold, damp, and heat was the external cause of the onset of disease, while the marrow reduced brain and the blood withered tendons as the root of the disease onset. The function of the brain is regarded as the master of all of the activities of the body, the essence of the five internal organs is the material basis of brain, and the harmony of qi and blood in the five internal organs result in the formation of body fluid; mental activities then arise naturally. For this type of disease with a constitution-mentality basis, the treatment should address the regulation of physical and psychological aspects, examine the syndrome, seek the cause, and then perform treatment according to syndrome differentiation. By adjusting the physical body to nourish the spirit, smooth the spirit to adjust the physical body, and by adjusting the balance of qi, blood, yin, and yang, the body can recover the spirit, the body is harmonized, and the muscles and tendons relax to relieve pain.关键词：fibromyalgia syndrome;brain-heart-liver axis;pathogenesis;treatment based on syndrome differentiation
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发布时间：2023-07-05 - 摘要：Vulvar lichenoid diseases include vulva pruritus and vulva erosion in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM), and they are mainly manifested as chronic vulva pruritus or even pain. The patient’s physical symptoms are often accompanied by abnormal psychological states, such as anxiety and depression. There is a vicious cycle between pruritus, scratching, and pressure, and it is a typical physical and mental disease with internal and external comorbidities. In terms of treatment, only by breaking this cycle can there be a better clinical effect. The theory of unity of physique and spirit was first seen in the Huangdi Neijing, which is of great significance in the treatment. "physique" is the body, while "spirit" is the mind. During the occurrence and development of this disease, "physique damage" refers to physical symptoms such as itching, and "spirit injury" refers to an abnormal mental state, such as anxiety and depression. Because of mutual cause and effect, physique damage and spirit injury become aggravated in the cycle stage. Therefore, for the treatment of physique and spirit disease, we should focus on the harmony of physique and spirit. This disease is internally caused by the dysfunction of zangfu organs and externally by local skin lesions, and therefore, there should be a combination of internal and external treatments. External washing with TCM medicinals relieves local itching symptoms to cure the physique, combined with oral treatment with a syndrome differentiation of TCM to regulate the spirit, which treats both the symptoms and the root cause of the disease. This is supplemented by traditional Chinese emotional therapy and life conditioning. Only by adjusting the physique to nourish the spirit and adjusting the spirit to guard the physique are the symptoms of the disease effectively alleviated. Finally, the state of maintaining the spirit and physique in full condition is achieved, which provides a new clinical approach for the diagnosis and treatment of vulvar lichenoid diseases.关键词：harmonization of physique and spirit;combined treatment of internal and external;vulvar lichenoid diseases
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发布时间：2023-07-05
Thought and Method
- 摘要：This article focuses on the pathogenesis of "blood stasis and toxic accumulation syndrome", combining ancient literature with modern research. It is believed that "blood stasis and toxic accumulation syndrome" is an important pathogenesis of colorectal cancer. In the process of colorectal cancer progression, blood stasis blocks the intestinal collaterals and causes astriction. After a long period of time, toxin accumulates in the intestines, which leads to the disorder of intestinal flora. This process is consistent with "toxin caused by blood stasis, toxin resuscitated to cause blood stasis, and blood stasis and toxin intersect". Therefore, a change of defecation habits is the external manifestation of "blood stasis", and the disorder of intestinal flora is the internal essence of "toxin". Based on the importance of "intertwined blood stasis and toxin syndrome" in colorectal cancer, activating blood circulation and removing blood stasis to unblock blood vessels, and removing toxins locally present in the lesion with poison heals both tip and root. This is the connotation of "treating intertwined blood stasis and toxin with the same treatment". This article provides a theoretical basis for the more rational use of "activating blood circulation to remove blood stasis, and removing toxin with toxins" in the treatment of colorectal cancer.关键词：colorectal cancer;intertwined blood stasis and toxin syndrome;astriction;intestinal flora;treating intertwined blood stasis and toxin syndrome with the same treatment
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发布时间：2023-07-05 - 摘要：The theory of "orifice" in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) can be traced back to the Huangdi Neijing, which often refers to holes and channels in nature or the human body. Based on the textual research of the concept of "orifice" theory in TCM, this paper introduces it into the research of syndrome differentiation and treatment of tumor. Through the divergent thinking perspective of internal and external holistic view, upper and lower holistic view, and dynamic and static holistic view, it is considered that the "kong qiao" is the gateway for the communication between the internal and external environment, the "ji qiao" is the channel for the qi activity, and the "shen qiao" is the origin of the coordinated drive physique and qi. A tumorigenesis system based on the framework of "kong qiao blocked, ji qiao obstructed, shen qiao impeded" is proposed. Based on the different pathological locations of "orifice", tumor progression stage, and the changes of pathogenic or healthy qi, deficiency, and excess, we should flexibly adopt the tumor treatment method of resuscitating or opening(xuan) kong qiao, promoting (li) ji qiao, and regulating (tiao) shen qiao, to provide new research ideas and perspectives for the syndrome differentiation and treatment of malignant tumors based on the theory of "orifice" of TCM.关键词：orifice;tumors;genesis;syndrome differentiation and treatment ideas;holistic view
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发布时间：2023-07-05
Hematology and Oncology
- 摘要：ObjectiveWe aimed to conduct bibliometric analysis on relevant studies published in the past 20 years on the treatment of chronic kidney disease (CKD) with traditional Chinese medicine, to explore the current situation and development trends, and predict the future research direction.MethodsThe relevant research literature on the treatment of CKD by traditional Chinese medicine published in the Wanfang database, CNKI, SinoMed, VIP, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, PubMed, and Embase database from 2002 to 2022 was searched. The articles were screened using NoteExpress software, and the authors, institutions, and keywords were identified by CiteSpace 5.8R3 and VOSviewer clustering and emergence analysis software, and a visual knowledge graph was drawn.ResultsA total of 17, 948 articles were included, namely, 14, 593 Chinese and 3, 355 English articles. The number of publications increased each year, and the trend was stable; there were 884 core authors, including 362 Chinese authors and 522 English authors. A stable group centered on a number of key scholars had been formed in this field, and there was close cooperation among institutions. In the early stage, most of the research focused on the experience of renowned practitioners, clinical observation, and syndrome analysis; and in the later stage, most of the research focused on basic disciplines, such as the physiological and pathological mechanism of CKD and the mechanism of drug action in a multi group context, as well as new emerging disciplines, such as bioinformatics analysis, data mining, and network pharmacology.ConclusionThe CKD field is in a steady state of research development, and the direction of clinical development has gradually progressed from efficacy observation to more evidence-based, randomized parallel controlled studies. Basic research in terms of its strength and depth has been increasing over time, and metabolomics has been used as an entry point to explore the potential of traditional Chinese medicine to intervene in the pathological progression of CKD, through autophagy regulation of the immune response, endoplasmic reticulum stress, intestinal mucosal barrier, and intestinal flora, which are likely a key research direction in the near future.关键词：chronic kidney disease;knowledge graph;visual analysis;traditional Chinese medicine
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发布时间：2023-07-05
Chinese Medical Informatics
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