最新刊期
卷 47 ， 期 9 ， 2024
- 摘要：Endometriosis is a prevalent disease in gynecology. The symptoms of endometriosis are challenging to treat, affect various organs, and persist in the body, adversely impacting patients′ quality of life. Endometriosis-related fibrosis is a primary cause of dysmenorrhea, infertility, and chronic pelvic pain, which represents the main pathological feature of endometriosis. Traditional Chinese medicine identifies blood stasis as the primary pathological basis of endometriosis, emphasizing the use of treatments to promote blood circulation and resolve stasis. The traditional Chinese medicine theory, " coldness produces turbid yin", suggests that coldness plays a crucial role in the formation of blood stasis and damp phlegm. Coldness is harmful to yang qi, leading to the accumulation of blood stasis and damp phlegm in the body, which can cause endometriosis. Based on this theory, the etiology and pathogenesis of endometriosis were discussed in stages. " Strong coldness coagulation is blood stasis, turbidity generating abdominal masses" is the first etiological factor. The progress stage is " yang qi deficiency is difficult to resolve cold blood stasis, and fibrosis is formed over a long period". According to the pathogenesis characteristics at different stages, the treatment concept for endometriosis is warming yang to resolve turbidity and blood stasis. During the initial stage of disease treatment, the treatment principle is primarily based on dispersing cold, activating blood circulation, and removing damp phlegm and blood stasis. The primary treatment is to improve yang qi to dissipate turbidity and circulate blood, and eliminate stasis to reduce abdominal masses if endometriosis is challenging to treat over a long period. In conclusion, endometriosis can be treated when blood stasis and damp phlegm are dissipated, and endometriosis-related fibrosis can be treated to clear abdominal masses when yang qi is filling the body.关键词：endometriosis;fibrosis;coldness produces turbid yin;yang deficiency;cold coagulation
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发布时间：2024-10-09 - 摘要：ObjectiveTo investigate the potential molecular mechanism of modified Shaofu Zhuyu Decoction in treating endometriosis from the perspective of autophagy in ectopic endometrial tissue cells mediated by the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)/phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT) signaling pathway.MethodsSeventy-two female SD rats were divided into the blank group, the model group, the gestrinone group and the modified Shaofu Zhuyu Decoction high-, medium-, and low- dose groups according to the random number table method, 12 rats in each group. Construction of an endometriosis model used auto-transplantation method. The rats in the gestrinone group were gavaged with 0.25 mg/(kg·d) of gestrinone suspension, the rats in the modified Shaofu Zhuyu Decoction high-, medium-, and low- dose groups were gavaged with 30, 15, and 7.5 g/(kg·d) of modified Shaofu Zhuyu Decoction, respectively, and the rats in the blank and model groups were gavaged with an equal amount of physiological saline, respectively. 4 weeks of continuous treatment. At the end of drug administration, 2 U of oxytocin was given to each rat to induce contractions, and the pain of the rats was observed; the weight and volume of ectopic endometrial tissue of the rats were recorded. Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining method was used to observe the pathological changes of rat endometrial tissue in each group; transmission electron microscope was used to observe the ultrastructure of rat endometrial tissue. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect the serum levels of oestradiol (E2), progesterone (P), interleukin-1β (IL-β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), epidermal growth factor (EGF), and EGFR in the rat serum of each group. Mean fluorescence intensity of autophagy-associated protein yeast Atg6 homologue (Beclin-1) and microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3B) in endometrial tissues of rat endometrium in each group by immunofluorescence assay. Protein expression levels of EGFR, PI3K, phosphorylated phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (p-PI3K), AKT, and phosphorylated protein kinase B (p-AKT) in endometrial tissues of rats in each group were examined by protein blotting. Real-time fluorescence PCR was used to detect EGFR, PI3K, and AKT mRNA expression levels.ResultsCompared with the blank group, the rats in the model group showed typical torsion reaction, ectopic endometrial tissue was visible in the abdominal wall, and the HE result showed thickening of the ectopic endometrial tissue, mesenchymal hyperplasia, and glandular dilatation; only autophagic vesicles were seen in the ultrastructure, and no obvious autophagic structures were seen in some of the fields of view; Serum E2, IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, TGF-β, EGF, and EGFR levels were elevated and P levels were decreased in rats; autophagy-related proteins Beclin-1 and LC3B decreased in average fluorescence intensity; protein expressions of EGFR, PI3K, AKT, p-PI3K, p-AKT was elevated; and mRNA expressions of EGFR, PI3K, AKT was elevated (P<0.05). Compared with the model group, the gestrinone group and modified Shaofu Zhuyu Decoction high-, medium- dose groups showed a decrease in the number of torsion and a prolongation of the latency time of the torsion response, a decrease in the volume and mass of ectopic endometrial tissues, a decrease in the degree of pathological damage as shown by HE, and the appearance of lysosomes, autophagolysosomes and autophagic vesicles in different degrees in the ultrastructure; Serum E2, IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, TGF-β, EGF, EGFR levels were decreased, and P levels were increased; the mean fluorescence intensity of autophagy-related proteins Beclin-1 and LC3B was increased; the protein expression of EGFR, PI3K, AKT, p-PI3K, and p-AKT was decreased; and the mRNA expression of EGFR, PI3K, and AKT was decreased (P<0.05).ConclusionThe mechanism of modified modified Shaofu Zhuyu Decoction for the treatment of endometriosis may be related to the induction of autophagy of ectopic endometrial tissues mediated by the EGFR/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway and the attenuation of inflammatory responses.关键词：endometriosis;modified Shaofu Zhuyu Decoction;epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)/phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT) signaling pathway;autophagy;inflammation;rats
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发布时间：2024-10-09 - 摘要：ObjectiveWe aimed to observe the differences in the effects of different acupuncture technique on the endometrium of mice with simple endometrial hyperplasia model and to explore the potential mechanisms.MethodsAccording to the random number tables, 32 female C57BL/6J mice were divided into a blank control group, a model group, a quick needle group and a retaining needle group, with 8 mice in each group. A mouse model of simple endometrial hyperplasia was established using bilateral ovariectomy combined with estrogen loading. In the quick needle group, mice were punctured at the bilateral for " Yinbai" (SP1) points and withdrawn immediately, with the treatmeat performed once every other day for a total of 12 times. In the retaining needle group, mice were punctured at the bilateral " Yinbai" (SP1) points and the needles were retained for 15 min each time, with the treatment also performed once every other day for a total of 12 times. After the intervention, samples were collected. HE staining was used to observe morphological changes in the mouse uterine tissue; ELISA was used to detect serum estradiol level; flow cytometry was used to detect the ratio of M1 and M2 macrophages(M1/M2) and immunohistochemical method was used to measure the expression of CD86 and CD206 in uterine tissue; and Western blotting was used to detect the expression of interleukin-13 (IL-13) and interferon-γ(IFN-γ) in uterine tissue.ResultsThe endometrium of mice in the model group showed simple hyperplasia. Compared with the blank control group, the endometrium of the model group was thickened (P<0.01); the level of estradiol in the serum was increased (P<0.01); M1/M2 in uterine tissues was decreased (P<0.01), the expression of CD86 was decreased (P<0.01), and the positive expression of CD206 was increased (P<0.01); and the level of IFN-γ protein expression in uterine tissues was decreased (P<0.01), and the expression of IL-13 protein was increased (P<0.01). Compared with the model group, the endometrial thicknesses of the quick needle group and the retaining needle group were reduced (P<0.05), the levels of estradiol in serum were reduced (P<0.05), M1/M2 in uterine tissues increased (P<0.01), and the reduction of CD206 positive expression, and IL-13 protein expression reduced (P<0.01); the level of CD86 positive expression, IFN-γ protein expression increased (P<0.01). Compared with the quick needle group, IL-13 protein expression increased in the retaining needle group (P<0.01).ConclusionBoth quick needle and retaining needle may be through the regulation of the expression of IFN-γ and IL-13, thus prompting the polarization of macrophages from M2 to M1 type, inhibiting the pro-cell proliferative ability and tissue repair ability of M2 type macrophages, thus reducing the degree of endometrial hyperplasia, and the quick needle group was superior to the retaining needle group in regulating the expression of IL-13.关键词：simple endometrial hyperplasia;Yinbai(SP1);macrophage;macrophage polarization;quick needle;retaining needle;mice
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发布时间：2024-10-09
Special Theme: TCM Prevention and Treatment of Gynecologic Diseases
- 摘要：Normal human blood pressure has a certain circadian rhythm, which is high during the day and low at night, and two peaks and one valley of the arytenoid change. The theory of opening-closing-pivot is an essential part of the yin and yang theory in traditional Chinese medicine, which reflects the law of qi movement changes of the three yin and three yang. According to " time to heal six channels" in Shanghan Lun, the opening-closing-pivot of three yin and three yang have their own time. Following certain time laws, the ascending, descending, exiting, and entering of the yin and yang qi movement conform to the circadian rhythm, which is the basis for maintaining the normal circadian rhythm of human blood pressure. Jueyin closing and shaoyang pivot mainly regulate morning blood pressure, whereas yangming closing, taiyin opening, and shaoyin pivot mainly regulate night blood pressure. The opening-closing-pivot of three yin and three yang coordinate and influence each other to maintain the stability of the circadian rhythm of blood pressure. The abnormal opening-closing-pivot can lead to the disturbance of the circadian rhythm of blood pressure, which primarily manifests as early morning hypertension caused by jueyin closing and shaoyang pivot failure, and night hypertension caused by yangming closing, taiyin opening and shaoyin pivot failure. By adjusting the movement of opening-closing-pivot of three yin and three yang, the blood pressure of corresponding period can be regulated. Combined with Western medical research, a new idea and method of regulating the circadian rhythm of blood pressure with traditional Chinese medicine is put forward.关键词：opening-closing-pivot;three yin and three yang;blood pressure;circadian rhythm
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发布时间：2024-10-09 - 摘要：The theory of " yang transforming qi and yin shaping up body" comes from Huangdi Neijing (Inner Canon of Yellow Emperor), which describes the basic form of human metabolism dominated by " yang transforming qi" : the effect of " yang transforming qi" leads the energy metabolism of human body, while the effect of " yin shaping up body" leads the material metabolism. Metabolic syndrome is a clinical syndrome with metabolic disorders of protein, fat and carbohydrate. The theory of " yang transforming qi and yin shaping up body" has a strong guiding value for the pathogenesis analysis and clinical differentiation and treatment of metabolic syndrome. Yin and yang represent the two basic trends of the change and development of things, and the functions of " transforming qi" and " shaping up body" are the main manifestations of them in metabolism. From this perspective, this paper suggests that the key pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome should be " insufficiency of yang transforming qi and impairment of yin shaping up body" based on the mutual assistance of yin and yang. On this basis we take " coordinating yin-yang and promoting the reproduction of them" as the main directions of therapy, which provides a new idea for the treatment of metabolic syndrome.关键词：metabolic syndrome;yang transforming qi and yin shaping up body;disorderly configuration;coordinating yin and yang
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发布时间：2024-10-09 - 摘要：Previous research on traditional Chinese medicine tongue inspection has mainly focused on its development, clinical application, and objectification, ignoring the fundamental question of " why tongue inspection is important in traditional Chinese medicine diagnosis" and neglecting the dominant role of traditional Chinese medicine brain thinking activities during diagnosis. Therefore, applying modern cognitive neuroscience technology to explore the impact of tongue inspection information on traditional Chinese medicine diagnostic thinking from an empirical research perspective may open up a new path for future tongue inspection research. This article proposes the combined application of eye tracking and event-related potential technology, drawing on the experimental paradigm of text reading inference correction in cognitive psychology, to collect eye movement and electroencephalogram data of participants induced by changes in tongue information during the reading process of traditional Chinese medicine medical records. This method can achieve synchronous observation of the focus areas and electroencephalogram signals of the subjects during the reading process, and provide cognitive scientific evidence for " why tongue inspection is important in traditional Chinese medicine diagnosis" through statistical data analysis. This research approach integrates the theories, techniques, and methods of traditional Chinese medicine and cognitive science, and is of great significance for developing cognitive thinking research in traditional Chinese medicine.关键词：tongue inspection;inference correction;eye tracking;event-related potential
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发布时间：2024-10-09 - 摘要：Traditional Chinese medicine has a long-standing understanding of the brain; however, the theoretical foundation and treatment approach for diseases related to the brain have not been systematically organized and studied. The three treasures of essence, qi, and spirit are closely associated with the brain in humans. Based on this theory, this study explored the relationship between essence, qi, spirit, and the brain, with the intention that " the brain is the official position of gathering essence, qi, spirit, and in charge of mental activity". It investigated the theoretical implications of the brain, stating that " essence" forms the material basis of the brain′s structure, " qi" is fundamental for brain function, and the " conscious spirit" corresponds to the state of the brain, residing in the heart, serving as the external manifestation of the brain, governing aspects like thoughts, consciousness, and emotions. The " primordial spirit" is the axis of the brain, which is rooted in the brain and serves as the internal core of the brain, thereby governing and regulating the central activities of human life. Essence, qi, mental activity, and primordial spirit mutually support and depend on each other, collectively maintaining the function of the brain governing the mental activity. The primordial spirit, which the brain governs, regulating and controlling the essence, qi, and couscious spirit is a specific manifestation of physiological and psychological activities in the human body. This study provides treatment strategies for clinical brain-related disorders under the theoretical guidance that " the brain is the official position for gathering essence, qi, and spirit, and is in charge of mental activity". These strategies include " nourishing essence and marrow, supplementing qi to ascend clear, and nurturing nourishment and enriching the spirit". This study aims to contribute to the innovation and development of traditional Chinese medicine theories.关键词：brain;essence;qi;primordial spirit;conscious spirit
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发布时间：2024-10-09
Theoretical Studies
- 摘要：ObjectiveTo explore the mechanism of modified Xiangsha Liujunzi Decoction in regulating apolipoproteinA-I (apoA-I), improving endoplasmic reticulum stress, regulating glucose and lipid metabolism, and preventing and treating dyslipidemia in mice.MethodsWild-type (WT) C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into the WT, WT + high-fat diet(HFD), and WT + HFD + Xiangsha Liujunzi Decoction(XSLJZ) groups according to the random number table method. ApoA-Ⅰ-/- mice were randomly divided into the apoA-Ⅰ-/-, apoA-Ⅰ-/- + HFD, and apoA-Ⅰ-/- + HFD + XSLJZ groups (n=10) according to the random number table method. D12492 was used for HFD feeding to establish a hyperlipidemic mouse model. Modified XSLJZ (23.66 g/kg) was administered daily by gavage from the ninth week. Serum and liver tissue were collected for testing after 4 weeks. An automatic biochemical analyzer was used to detect blood lipid levels; an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect serum fasting blood glucose (FBG) and insulin (INS) levels, and the INS resistance index (HOMA-IR) was calculated. Hematoxylin and eosin staining was used to observe the pathological changes in the liver. Oil red O staining was used to observe the lipid deposition in the liver. TG levels in liver tissue were detected using the microplate method. Real-time PCR was used to detect apoA-Ⅰ, glucose-regulated proteins (GRP78), sterol regulatory element binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c), acetyl CoA carboxylase 1 (ACC1), and fatty acid synthase (FASN) mRNA expression levels in liver tissue. The WES fully automated protein expression analysis system was used to detect apoA-Ⅰ, GRP78, inositol-requiring enzyme 1 (IRE1), p-IRE1, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), p-JNK, insulin receptor substrate (IRS1), p-IRS1, protein kinase B (Akt), p-Akt, SREBP-1c, ACC1, and FASN protein expression levels in liver tissue.ResultsCompared to the WT group, the WT + HFD group showed a significant increase in serum lipids, FBG, INS levels, and the HOMA-IR index (P < 0.05). The orange-red lipid droplets in liver tissue increased, fat vacuoles were apparent, and TG levels were significantly increased. ApoA-Ⅰ mRNA and protein expression levels were significantly reduced, whereas GRP78, SREBP-1c, ACC1, and FASN mRNA expression levels were increased, GRP78, SREBP-1c, ACC1, and FASN protein levels and the IRE1, JNK, IRS1, and Akt phosphorylation degree were increased (P < 0.05). The serum TG, HDL-C, LDL-C, FBG, and INS levels and the HOMA-IR index in the WT + HFD group were significantly reduced after administering modified XSLJZ (P < 0.05). The orange-red lipid droplets in liver tissue were significantly reduced, fat vacuolization was alleviated, and TG levels were significantly reduced, ApoA-Ⅰ mRNA and protein expression levels were significantly increased, whereas GRP78, SREBP-1c, ACC1, and FASN mRNA expression levels were reduced, GRP78, SREBP-1c, ACC1, and FASN protein expression levels and the IRE1, JNK, IRS1, and Akt phosphorylation degree were reduced (P < 0.05). Compared to the WT + HFD group, the TG, LDL-C, and FBG levels and HOMA-IR index in the serum of the apoA-Ⅰ-/- + HFD group were significantly increased, whereas the HDL-C levels were significantly decreased (P < 0.05). Diffuse orange-red lipid droplets in liver tissue and a significant increase in fat vacuoles were observed. Furthermore, TG levels were significantly increased, SREBP-1c, ACC1, FASN mRNA, SREBP-1c, and ACC1 protein expression levels and IRE1, JNK, IRS1, and Akt phosphorylation levels were significantly increased (P < 0.05). Compared to the WT + HFD + XSLJZ group, the apoA-Ⅰ-/- + HFD + XSLJZ group showed a significant increase in serum TG, LDL-C, FBG, and INS levels, and the HOMA-IR index, whereas HDL-C levels decreased significantly (P < 0.05). The deposition of orange-red lipid droplets in liver tissue improved, and TG levels significantly decreased, GRP78, SREBP-1c, ACC1, and FASN mRNA expression levels, GRP78, SREBP-1c, and ACC1 protein levels, and IRE1, JNK, IRS1, and Akt phosphorylation levels increased (P < 0.05).ConclusionModified XSLJZ improves liver glucose and lipid metabolism disorder by regulating apoA-Ⅰ to alleviate endoplasmic reticulum stress.关键词：hyperlipidemia;apolipoprotein-Ⅰ;endoplasmic reticulum stress;glycolipid metabolism;modified Xiangsha Liujunzi Decoction;mice
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发布时间：2024-10-15 - 摘要：ObjectiveTo observe the role of dried tangerine peel in Yigong Powder improves iron metabolism and promotes red blood cell generation in anemia of chronic disease (ACD).MethodsWith a two-by-two factorial design, the Yigong Powder was divided into dried tangerine peel and Chenpi absent Decoction. According to the random number table method, 32 zymosan-induced generalized inflammation (ZIGI) mice were randomly divided into the model group, the dried tangerine peel group, the Chenpi absent Decoction group, and the Yigong Powder group. The dried tangerine peel group, Chenpi absent Decoction group and the Yigong Powder group were given dried tangerine peel(3.083 g/kg), Chenpi absent Decoction(12.33 g/kg), and Yigong Powder(15.413 g/kg)by gavage to the corresponding group of mice. The model group was given an equal amount of physiological saline by gavage, and treated continuously for 7 days. After the completion of administration, the body weight of each group of mice was recorded. The hemoglobin content of each group of mice was detected using a fully automatic cell counter, the serum iron content was detected using colorimetry, the serum ferritin content was detected using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and the spleen index was calculated. The liver tissue inflammatory factors interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interferon-γ (IFN-γ), interleukin-4 (IL-4), and interleukin-10 (IL-10) levels were detected using Luminex method. The mRNA expressions of liver tissue hepcidin gene (HAMP) and membrane iron transporter (Fpn) were detected using real-time fluorescence PCR method.ResultsDried tangerine peel and Chenpi absent Decoction both showed interactive effects in regulating hemoglobin, serum iron, serum ferritin content, improving spleen index, and regulating the mRNA expressions of HAMP, Fpn, as well as IL-1β and IFN-γ (P<0.05). Compared with the model group, dried tangerine peel significantly increased hemoglobin, serum iron content, and Fpn mRNA expression in ZIGI model mice, while decreasing ferritin content, spleen index, HAMP mRNA expression, and the levels of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-γ (P<0.05). Chenpi absent Decoction significantly increased serum iron content and Fpn mRNA expression in ZIGI model mice, while reducing spleen index, ferritin content, HAMP mRNA expression, and the levels of IL-1β and IFN-γ、IL-4 (P<0.05).ConclusionThe effects of dried tangerine peel on inflammatory factors (IL-6 and TNF-α) and Fpn may play a key role in the improvement effects of Yigong Powder on ACD and iron metabolism.关键词：activating spleen method;formula components analysis;Yigong Powder;anemia of chronic disease;iron metabolism;mice
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发布时间：2024-10-09 - 摘要：ObjectiveTo explore the effect and possible pharmacological mechanism of Bufei Tongbi Decoction in the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus interstitial lung disease (SLE-ILD).MethodsThe effective components and related targets of Bufei Tongbi Decoction were obtained using the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform (TCMSP) and Uniprot database. Key genes for SLE-ILD were screened based on DrugBank, DisGeNET, GeneCards, PharmGKB, OMIM, and GEO databases. Using Cytoscape software, a drug active ingredient-target-disease relationship network diagram was constructed to obtain the effective active ingredients and possible mechanisms of action of Bufei Tongbi Decoction in the treatment of SLE-ILD. Gene ontology (GO) function enrichment and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis were used to reveal related target genes and pathway functions. Taking C57BL/6 mice as normal group, MRL/lpr mice were injected with bleomycin 5 mg/kg in the nasal cavity. According to the random number table method, the mice were divided into model group, Bufei Tongbi Decoction low-dose group (10.4 g/(kg·d)), Bufei Tongbi Decoction medium-dose group (20.8 g/(kg·d)), Bufei Tongbi Decoction high-dose group (41.6 g/(kg·d)) and prednisone group (3 mg/(kg·d)). The intervention lasted for 28 days. Hematein eosin and Masson staining were used to observe the pathological changes of mouse lung tissue, the expressions of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and collagen type Ⅲ(Col-Ⅲ) in lung tissue were detected by immunohistochemistry, and the expressions of interleukin-1β(IL-1β), interleukin-10 (IL-10) and interleukin-17 (IL-17) in serum were detected by ELISA. The mRNA expressions of matrix metallopeptidase 1(MMP-1), hypoxia inducible factor-1α(HIF-1α), retinoid-related orphan receptor γt (RORγt ) and forkhead box P3 (FOXP3) in lung tissue were analyzed by RT-PCR, the protein expressions of HIF-1α and MMP-1 in lung tissue were detected by Western blotting, and the expressions of T helper 17 cells (Th17) and regulatory T cells (Treg cells) in blood were detected by cytometry.ResultsA total of 163 effective ingredients, 259 targets, 1 729 SLE-ILD disease targets, 958 SLE-ILD differential genes and 40 drug-disease interaction targets were obtained by screening. GO functional enrichment and KEGG pathway enrichment showed that IL-17 signaling pathway activated by IL-1β and MMP-1, and Th17 cell differentiation activated by IL-1β and HIF-1α were the main pathways. Animal experiments showed that Bufei Tongbi Decoction could effectively improve the degree of lung interstitial lesion and reduce the expressions of TGF-β1 and Col-Ⅲ in SLE-ILD mice (P < 0.01). The expressions of IL-1β, HIF-1α and IL-17 were decreased (P < 0.01). Medium and high doses of Bufei Tongbi Decoction decreased the expressions of MMP-1 and RORγt mRNA (P < 0.01), and increased the expressions of IL-10 and FOXP3 mRNA (P < 0.01). Bufei Tongbi Decoction could reduce the proportion of Th17 cells, increase the proportion of Treg cells, downregulate the balance of Th17/Treg (P < 0.05), and improve the immune disorder.ConclusionBufei Tongbi Decoction has the characteristics of multi-target and multi-pathway in treating SLE-ILD, and its mechanism may be related to the regulation of Th17/Treg cell balance.关键词：network pharmacology;Bufei Tongbi Decoction;systemic lupus erythematosus interstitial lung disease;experimental verification;mice
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发布时间：2024-10-09 - 摘要：ObjectiveTo explore the mechanism of baicalin intervention in gastrointestinal acute graft versus host disease (aGVHD).MethodsPeripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with intestinal aGVHD and healthy volunteers were collected for high-throughput sequencing and differential mRNA enrichment analysis. The intersection of the baicalin target and differential mRNA was analyzed. CB6F1 mice were irradiated with 60Co X-rays. After irradiation, a mononuclear cell suspension (1×107 bone marrow cell + 1×107 spleen cell) of BALB/cH-2 d mice was injected into CB6F1 mice through the tail vein, and these mice were randomly devided into the model group and the baicalin group. 6 SPF female mice were selected as the normal group. After modeling, the baicalin group was administered 30 mg/(kg·d) of baicalin by gavage, and the model and normal groups were gavaged with normal saline of equal volume. Serum cytokines were detected after 14 days, and aGVHD scores and small intestinal mucosa pathdogy scores, immunohistochemical, and immunofluorescence detection were performed.ResultsA total of 2, 131 different mRNAs were identified from patients with intestinal aGVHD and healthy volunteers. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis indicated that these mRNAs enriched the TNF signaling pathway and other pathways. The baicalin target was intersected with the above differential genes, and TNF-α and IL-2 were the primary baicalin targets in the treatment of intestinal aGVHD. The aGVHD scores and small intestinal mucosal pathology scores after baicalin treatment were significantly better than those in the model group, serum TNF-α and IL-2 levels were significantly decreased, and the TNF-α and IL-2 protein expression levels in intestinal immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence were also significantly recovered (P < 0.05).ConclusionBaicalin can reduce the inflammatory infiltration and destruction of intestinal mucosa by reducing TNF-α and IL-2 production and reducing the incidence of intestinal aGVHD after transplantation.关键词：baicalin;acute graft versus host disease;tumor necrosis factor-α;interleukin-2;intestinal mucosa;network pharmacology;mice
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发布时间：2024-10-09
Experimental Studies
- 摘要：The pathogenesis of Parkinson′s disease is related to the imbalance of viscera, qi, blood, and yin and yang. Some Parkinson′s symptoms show opposite characteristics and abnormal constraints because of the influence of its complex pathogenesis. At the qi transformation level, static tremor and muscular rigidity exhibit two opposite states of yang qi: dispersion and contraction. At the spirit level, the sleep disorder of rapid eye movement is caused by the abnormal constraint of the soul on the corporeal soul. The liver is in charge of ascending, whereas the lung is in charge of descending. The liver prefers to disperse, whereas the lung prefers to converge; the lung restrains the liver, and metal (representing the lungs) overcomes wood (representing the liver). Therefore, the liver and lung also possess opposing and mutually restraining characteristics. This study explored the correlation between the liver and lung of patients with Parkinson′s disease at the three levels of spirit, qi transformation, and viscera based on the theory of " restraining excessiveness to acquire harmony". It established the connection between motor and non-motor symptoms of Parkinson′s disease through the interaction of these three factors. The study elaborated on the generation of symptoms and treatment options for both motor and non-motor symptoms. Under physiological conditions, the liver and lung maintain a dynamic equilibrium of " restraining excessiveness from acquiring harmony" through restraint without suppression, promoting coexistence and harmony. However, under pathological conditions, the functions of the spirit, qi transformation, and viscera of the liver and lung may exhibit abnormalities, and they could mutually influence each other. This study investigated the " restraining excessiveness to achieve harmony" relationship between the liver and lung, focusing on spirit, qi transformation, and viscera levels. The aim of this study was to deepen the understanding of the pathogenesis of Parkinson′s disease and to offer novel insights into its clinical diagnosis and treatment.关键词：Parkinson′s disease;restraining excessiveness to acquire harmony;liver;lung;motor symptoms;non-motor symptoms
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发布时间：2024-10-15 - 摘要：ObjectiveAcute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) is the leading cause of hospitalization and death in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD). Exploring the prognostic factors of AECOPD patients will assist in optimizing treatment strategies and standardizing disease management.MethodsThis study retrospectively collected the clinical data of 664 patients with AECOPD admitted to the Respiratory Department of Dongzhimen Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine from January 2013 to September 2019. The 3-year survival rate and treatment of the patients were investigated. According to whether the patients died, they were divided into a non-survivors group and a survivors group, and clinical data such as basic information, comorbidities, and auxiliary examination results were compared between the two groups. Incorporating clinical experience of researchers and previous research evidence, a secondary screening of variables was conducted to ultimately determine the covariates to be included in the multifactorial Cox proportional hazards regression model, and the factors affecting the 3-year survival rate of the patients were analyzed.ResultsA total of 664 cases were included in this study, including 362 males and 302 females, with an average age of (77.25±6.89) years old. The 3-year all-cause mortality rate of older hospitalized patients with AECOPD was 20.48%(136 patients). Older age (HR: 1.071, 95%CI: 1.040-1.102, P<0.001); smoking history (HR: 1.788, 95%CI: 1.173-2.723, P=0.007); Charlson comorbidity index (HR: 1.209, 95%CI: 1.029-1.421, P=0.022); lower arterial partial pressure of oxygen (HR: 1.014, 95%CI: 1.006-1.022, P<0.001); higher brain natriuretic peptide(HR: 1.001, 95%CI: 1.000-1.001, P=0.025); cor pulmonale(HR: 1.896, 95%CI: 1.235-2.908, P=0.004); respiratory failure (HR: 2.437, 95%CI: 1.378-4.311, P=0.003); TCM syndrome differentiation elements, including kidney (HR: 1.639, 95%CI: 1.055-2.546, P=0.028) and fluid retention (HR: 2.512, 95%CI: 1.653-3.816, P<0.001), were independent risk factors for 3-year all-cause death of older hospitalized patients with AECOPD. Long-term regular use of bronchiectasis (HR: 0.474, 95%CI: 0.324-0.695, P<0.001) was an independent protective factor for 3-year all-cause death.ConclusionThe 3-year survival rate of elderly hospitalized patients with AECOPD is relatively low, with the TCM syndrome elements manifested as lung-kidney qi deficiency, yang deficiency with water retention, and blood stasis obstruction. Patients with moderate to severe impairment of lung function due to COPD have an increased risk of death within 3 years. Therefore, for such patients, nourishing lung-kidney qi, resolving phlegm and water retention, activating blood circulation to remove blood stasis and dredging collaterals, combined with regular use of bronchodilators, may help improve their 3-year survival rate.关键词：acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease;survival rate;real world research;comorbidities;patterns of traditional Chinese medicine
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发布时间：2024-10-09 - 摘要：ObjectiveTo identify factors associated with gastrointestinal heat retention in preschool children, and to provide a foundational understanding for future clinical investigations.MethodsA case-control study was performed, which involved children from kindergartens in the Longgang District of Shenzhen City, Guangdong Province, from May to July 2021. Using the Children′s Gastrointestinal Heat Retention Diagnostic Self-assessment Scale, subjects were allocated into a case group (children diagnosed with gastrointestinal heat retention) and a control group (children without this condition). An online survey was used to collect data on dietary behaviors, caregivers′ feeding behaviors, early antibiotic use, daily routines, and birth conditions. SPSS 27.0 software was used to facilitate precise sociodemographic matching and paired logistic regression analysis to explore the association between gastrointestinal heat retention and the above factors.ResultsFrom the analysis of 51, 252 matched cases, the study found that several factors contributed to an increased risk of gastrointestinal heat retention. These factors included reduced food intake compared to peers, reports of picky eating by caregivers, distractions during meals, pronounced dietary preferences, disinterest in food, meal durations ≥ 25 min, reluctance to sample new foods, consistent refusal of specific food types for over one month, irregular meal locations, coercive feeding practices, use of micronutrient supplements, allowing children too much freedom in food choice, persuading children to eat, infrequent encouragement to experiment with new foods, early antibiotic introduction, inadequate sleep, and premature birth (P<0.05). In contrast, exclusive breastfeeding in the first six months, engagement in moderate to massive physical activity, and regular napping patterns were associated with a reduced risk of gastrointestinal heat retention (P<0.05).ConclusionThe suboptimal dietary habits, improper feeding practices, insufficient physical activity, inadequate sleep, and premature antibiotic exposure may be significant risk factors for gastrointestinal heat retention. Future research dedicated to unraveling the cause of gastrointestinal heat retention should prioritize these elements.关键词：gastrointestinal heat retention;case-control study;preschool stage;child
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发布时间：2024-10-09
Clinical Studies
- 摘要：The concept of " holism of body and spirit" originated in the pre-Qin period as a philosophical idea to understand the world, and later became an important theory adopted in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). Acupuncture, as a traditional TCM treatment modality, can be guided by the theory of " holism of body and spirit" in the clinical treatment of psychosomatic disorders. However, there is no clear and standardized operational model based on this theory currently. The combination of theory and practice is essential for the effective application and development of TCM. Currently, there are numerous schools and methods of acupuncture treatment for psychosomatic disorders, and the analytical perspectives on psychosomatic disorders vary, which leads to the complexity of integrating theory and practice and makes it difficult to conclude and summarize the standardized process. Given that TCM is a classical and time-honored medical science, tracing its historical origins and summarizing the diagnostic and treatment plans of different representative physicians might help in advancing acupuncture treatment for psychosomatic disorders. This paper analyzes and discusses the connection between philosophical ideas and medical theories, the application of theories into practice, and the analysis and summary of medical case literature, and puts forward the specific mode of acupuncture treatment of psychosomatic disorders, so as to provide new ideas and references for clinical practice.关键词：holism of body and spirit;concept of spirit and body;acupuncture;psychosomatic disorders
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发布时间：2024-10-09 - 摘要：ObjectiveTo explore the effects and possible mechanisms of ophthalmic acupuncture combined with tail moxibustion on the behavior and hippocampus in rats with post-stroke cognitive impairment.MethodsSeventy-five male SD rats were randomly divided into the sham operation group (15 rats) and the modeling group (60 rats) using the random number table method. A modified suture-occluded method was used to replicate the occlusion model of the middle cerebral artery in the modeling group, whereas only the right carotid artery was exposed in the sham operation group. After modeling, 48 rats with post-stroke cognitive impairment were selected using the Morris water maze experiment, and were randomly divided into the model group, the ophthalmic acupuncture group, the tail moxibustion group and the ophthalmic acupuncture + tail moxibustion group using the random number table method, with 12 rats per group. The sham operation group and the model group were bound with no intervention; the ophthalmic acupuncture group was needled once a day in the bilateral " liver area", " kidney area", " heart area", and " spleen area", leaving the needle for 30 min; the tail moxibustion group was given mild-warm moxibustion on the area between " Changqiang" (GV1) and the tip of the tail for 20 min, once a day; the ophthalmic acupuncture + tail moxibustion group was given the above-mentioned ophthalmic acupuncture and tail moxibustion interventions simultaneously. After 7 days of intervention, the behavior of the rats was detected. Hematoxylin and eosin staining was used to observe the pathological changes in the hippocampus; the malondialdehyde (MDA) content and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in the hippocampus were detected by colorimetric method; Western blotting was used to detect the protein expressions of Kelch-like ECH associated protein 1 (KEAP1), phosphoglycerate mutase 5 (PGAM5), apoptosis-inducing factor mitochondria associated 1 (AIFM1), nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in the hippocampus of rats; and real-time fluorogenic quantitative PCR was used to determine the mRNA expressions of KEAP1, PGAM5, AIFM1, Nrf2, and HO-1 in the hippocampus.ResultsCompared with the sham operation group, the escape latency in the model group was prolonged, and the crossing platform number was decreased (P<0.05); the number of neurons in the hippocampal CA1 area was significantly decreased, with a disordered arrangement and irregular morphology, and necrotic neurons were observed; the SOD activity in the hippocampus was decreased, while the MDA content was increased (P<0.05); the protein and mRNA expressions of KEAP1, PGAM5, and AIFM1 were increased, while the protein and mRNA expressions of Nrf2 and HO-1 were decreased (P<0.05). Compared with the model group, the escape latency of rats in the ophthalmic acupuncture + tail moxibustion group was shortened, and the crossing platform number was increased (P<0.05); the loss of neurons in the hippocampal CA1 area of the rat was significantly reduced, and the cell morphology was more plump; SOD activity in the hippocampus was increased, and MDA content was decreased (P<0.05); and the protein and mRNA expressions of KEAP1, PGAM5, and AIFM1 were decreased, while the protein and mRNA expressions of Nrf2 and HO-1 were increased (P<0.05).ConclusionThe combination of ophthalmic acupuncture and tail moxibustion can be used to treat rats with post-stroke cognitive impairment, and its mechanism may be related to alleviating oxidative stress damage and oxeiptosis in the hippocampus, thereby improving the degree of hippocampal neuronal damage and enhancing the cognitive ability of rats after stroke.关键词：ophthalmic acupuncture;tail moxibustion;post-stroke cognitive impairment;oxidative stress;oxeiptosis;rats
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发布时间：2024-10-09 - 摘要：ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of qigong abdominal breathing training on human brain function.MethodsSeventy-two university students were recruited and randomly divided into the control and treatment groups in a 1∶1 ratio. Both the control and treatment groups underwent the same standing pile work operation. However, only the treatment group received additional abdominal breathing training. The intervention process comprised two phases: 2 weeks of intensive training and 6 weeks of counseling training. Electrocardiogram and electroencephalogram (EEG) tests were performed before (baseline period) and after training respectively. Sample entropy algorithm and empirical mode decomposition were used to analyze the EEG signals. The sample entropy complexity index and the correlation between EEG changes and respiratory curves were calculated to explore the brain function regulation effect.ResultsThe complexity of different brain regions in the treatment group was higher than that of the control group after training. A large difference was observed when comparing the brain complexity in the temporoparietal junction, posterior temporal, parietal, parietal-occipital junction, and occipital regions. The brain complexity in the posterior temporal region of the treatment group was significantly higher than that of the control group after the intervention, with a significant difference (P < 0.05). In the control group, the brain complexity in the frontal pole, anterior temporal, frontal reion, frontal-temporal junction, frontal-central junction, middle temporal, central, and temporal-parietal junction regions decreased to different degrees. However, the comparison between before and after was not significant. Furthermore, brain complexity in the central-parietal junction, posterior temporal, parietal, parietal-occipital junction, and occipital regions increased to different degrees in the control group; however, the difference was not significant. The brain complexity of the treatment group in the frontotemporal junction, middle temporal, and temporoparietal junction areas decreased slightly; however, the before-and-after comparison was not significant. The brain complexity of the treatment group in the frontal pole, frontotemporal, frontal, frontal-central junction, central, central-parietal junction, posterior-temporal, parietal, parietal-occipital junction, and occipital areas increased. The posterior-temporal, parietal, parietal-occipital junction, and occipital areas had more significant increases than the other areas. However, the before-and-after comparison was not significant. In both groups, brain complexity decreased in the frontotemporal junction, middle temporal, and temporoparietal junction areas and increased in the parietal, parieto-occipital junction, and occipital areas. The comparison of complexity between the treatment and control groups in P3 and PO3 leads after training was significant. P3 and PO3 are situated in the parietal region and parieto-occipital junction areas, respectively, indicating that antebellum breathing also affects brain function in these regions. The correlation between the respiratory curve and EEG components was enhanced after training.ConclusionAbdominal breathing training can significantly increase the complexity of the corresponding brain regions (posterior temporal, parietal, and parieto-occipital junction regions), and a significant correlation was observed between the two.关键词：abdominal breathing;pranayama;qigong;breathing training;electroencephalogram;brain complexity
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发布时间：2024-10-09
Acupuncture Moxibustion and Tuina
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