A complete framework of acupuncture reinforcement-reduction manipulations in Neijing was outlined to reflect the features according to the train of thought from purpose

principle

judgement

manipulation and curative effect through the analysis on the records of acupuncture reinforcement-reduction manipulations in Neijing.The result of the research showed that the basic purpose of reinforcement-reduction manipulations was the regulation of qi

and the core connotation was the regulation of the mind in Neijing.The key points included reinforcing deficiency before reducing excess and reinforcement or reduction manipulated according to 25 types of constitutions

pulse changes and skin conditions based on the general principle of reinforcing deficiency and reducing excess.Neijing recorded 7 kinds of acupuncture reinforcement-reduction manipulations and influenced their development in later age

which put the attention to the changes and regulation of the spirit

mind and mindwill.The feeling of patient and changes of pulse and skin temperature were taken as the review criterion of curative effect.